doc: upgrade rand dependency to v0.10.1 in book listings and text

[falloficaruss]

Upgrades the 'rand' crate dependency from v0.8.5 to v0.10.1 across all chapter listings and updates the corresponding book narrative to reflect the new API structure.

Key Changes:

• Manifests: Updated 14 Cargo.toml files in listings to point to rand 0.10.1.
• Source Code: Migrated 11 main.rs and lib.rs source files under listings/ to:
  • Bring the new extension trait 'rand::RngExt' into scope instead of 'rand::Rng'.
  • Replace 'rand::thread_rng().gen_range(1..=100)' with 'rand::rng().random_range(1..=100)'.
• Chapter 1: Updated the offline caching command in ch01-01-installation.md to refer to rand@0.10.1.
• Chapter 2: Updated ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.md to explain RngExt, rand::rng, and random_range. Adjusted all SemVer examples, compiler outputs, and hypotheticals to use 0.10.1 / 0.10.2 / 0.11.0.
• Chapter 7: Updated the module path and import system explanation in ch07-04-bringing-paths-into-scope-with-the-use-keyword.md to target the new traits/functions.
• Chapter 14: Updated simulated cargo output in ch14-03-cargo-workspaces.md showing rand v0.10.1 being compiled.

Closes #4746