42 School - C++ (CPP) Modules

This repository contains the C++ (CPP) modules completed as part of the curriculum at 42 School. Each module consists of a series of exercises designed to reinforce and expand my knowledge of C++ programming concepts, ranging from basic OOP to advanced STL algorithms.

📚 Module List

Module 00 - Namespaces, Classes, & Std I/O

• ex00: String manipulation and command-line argument handling.
• ex01: Classes, Object instantiation, Basic I/O, String manipulation.
• ex02: File recreation, C++ programming, Object-oriented design.

🔗 Resources

• OOP in CPP - GeeksforGeeks
• std::cin.getline() vs. std::cin - Stack Overflow
• atoi() in cpp strings - Stack Overflow
• string.length() vs. string.size() - Stack Overflow
• Constructors in CPP - GeeksforGeeks
• Destructors in CPP - GeeksforGeeks
• C++ iomanip Library - YouTube

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Module 01 - Memory Allocation, Pointers, & References

• ex00: Stack vs. Heap memory allocation, Destructors.
• ex01: Arrays of Objects, Memory Allocation (array of objects).
• ex02: Pointers, References, Memory Addresses.
• ex03: Composition, Aggregation, Object Relationships.
• ex04: File I/O, Content copy, Error Handling.
• ex05: Pointers to Member Functions, Enumeration.
• ex06: Switch Statement, Filtering, Logging (Harl Filter).

🔗 Resources

• References in CPP - GeeksforGeeks
• Pointers to Member Functions - CodeGuru
• How to Read File Line by Line - Medium
• C++ File Handling - Guru99

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Module 02 - Ad-hoc Polymorphism & Operator Overloading

• ex00: Fixed-point numbers, Orthodox Canonical Form.
• ex01: Constructors (int/float), Member Functions (toFloat, toInt), Operator Overloading.
• ex02: Operator Overloading (Comparison, Arithmetic, Increment/Decrement), Static Member Functions (min, max).
• ex03: Binary Space Partitioning (BSP), Fixed-point arithmetic, Triangle Point Inclusion Test.

🔗 Resources

• Fixed Point Number Representation - CS61c (Berkeley)
• Back To Basics! Fixed Point Numbers - YouTube
• Understanding Floating Point Numbers - Cprogramming
• Copy Constructor in C++ - GeeksforGeeks
• Overloading the assignment operator - LearnCpp
• IEEE 754 Standard for Floating Point - YouTube

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Module 03 - Inheritance

• ex00: Class implementation.
• ex01: Inheritance, Constructors/Destructors Chaining.
• ex02: Overriding Member Functions.
• ex03: The Diamond Problem, Multiple Inheritance, Accessing Attributes from Parent Classes.

🔗 Resources

• Inheritance And Polymorphism - YouTube
• Multiple Inheritance in C++ - GeeksforGeeks
• Diamond Problem & Hybrid Inheritance - YouTube

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Module 04 - Subtype Polymorphism, Abstract Classes, Interfaces

• ex00: Polymorphism, Inheritance, Virtual Functions.
• ex01: Memory Management, Deep Copy vs Shallow Copy.
• ex02: Abstract Classes.
• ex03: Interfaces / Pure Abstract Classes.

🔗 Resources

• Polymorphism (Compile vs Run time) - YouTube
• Virtual Functions & Abstract Classes - YouTube
• Difference between abstract & pure abstract class - Stack Overflow
• How to copy/clone a STL List - thispointer

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Module 05 - Try/Catch & Exceptions

• ex00: Exception handling, class design.
• ex01: Custom exception classes, resource protection.
• ex02: Abstract classes, inheritance, execution logic.
• ex03: Factory method pattern, string manipulation.

🔗 Resources

• Exception Handling Tutorial - NeuralNine (YouTube)
• Throwing Exceptions in C++ - RollBar
• Standard Exceptions (std::exception) - cppreference
• Factory Method in C++ - Medium

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Module 06 - C++ Casts

• ex00: Type conversion, static_cast.
• ex01: Serialization, reinterpret_cast.
• ex02: Dynamic casting, type identification (dynamic_cast).

🔗 Resources

• Type Conversion in C++ - Scaler
• Type Punning in C++ - The Cherno
• C++ Casting (static_cast & dynamic_cast) - Mike Shah
• What is uintptr_t? - Stack Overflow

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Module 07 - C++ Templates

• ex00: Template functions (swap, min, max).
• ex01: Iterating with templates.
• ex02: Template classes.

🔗 Resources

• C++ Templates Guide - Programiz
• Why use a "tpp" file? - Stack Overflow
• Template Specialization - GeeksforGeeks

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Module 08 - Templated Containers, Iterators, Algorithms

• ex00: Function templates, container manipulation.
• ex01: std::max, std::min, std::sort, iterators.
• ex02: Iterators, template specialization (Mutant Stack).

🔗 Resources

• Back To Basics: C++ Containers - javidx9 (YouTube)
• The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) - GeeksforGeeks
• Finding Max Element in Vector - Stack Overflow

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Module 09 - STL (Standard Template Library)

• ex00: Bitcoin Exchange (File manipulation, std::map, date parsing).
• ex01: Reverse Polish Notation (RPN), std::stack.
• ex02: PmergeMe (Ford-Johnson merge sort algorithm), std::vector, std::deque.

🔗 Resources

• Reverse Polish Notation and The Stack - Computerphile
• Ford-Johnson Merge-Insert Sort - Wikipedia
• Calculating Execution Time - Stack Overflow
• std::map Usage - cppreference

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🚀 Getting Started

Follow these steps to run the exercises on your local machine.

Prerequisites

• GCC or Clang compiler
• Make

Installation & Usage

1. Clone the repository:

   git clone https://github.com/mohammedali1337/42-CPP-Modules.git