🖥️ Database Management System Course Notes

Course Code: CMP 222 | Credit Hours: 3-1-3 | Syllabus

A structured repository for Pokhara University's Database Management System (CMP 222). Contains theory, code examples, practical labs, and project work to help students master Database Management System from basics to advanced concepts. This work is an independent effort by Kushal Prasad Joshi, inspired by the curriculum of Pokhara University, and is intended to support students in their academic journey. While based on the university's course structure, this work is not officially affiliated with or endorsed by Pokhara University.

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Syllabus table

Specific Objectives	Contents
Familiarize with basic concepts of database systems, and its architecture.	Unit 1: Introduction - 1.1 Database Management System purpose and applications - 1.2 Database Systems vs File Systems - 1.3 View of Data-Data Abstraction (Physical, logical, view level, Data Independence) - 1.4 Instances and Schemas - 1.5 Database Languages (DDL, DML, DCL) - 1.6 Database and Application Architecture (two-tier and three-tier)
Familiarize with ER Model and Relational Model and relational algebra.	Unit 2: ER and Relational Model - 2.1 Introduction to ER Model - 2.2 Entity sets, attributes, relationship sets (participation, roles, descriptive attributes, degree) - 2.3 Keys (Super key, Candidate key, Primary key), Strong/Weak Entity Sets - 2.4 Introduction to Relational Model - 2.5 Reducing ER diagrams to Relational Schema - 2.6 Relational Algebra
Implement and write DDL and DML queries in SQL.	Unit 3: Structured Query Language - 3.1 SQL DDL and DML - 3.2 Basic SQL Operations (Rename, String, Order By, Where) - 3.3 Nested Queries - 3.4 Join Expressions (Natural Join, Outer Joins) - 3.5 Database Modification (Delete, Insert, Update) - 3.6 Views, Stored Procedures
Apply integrity constraints to implement database security and normalize the database.	Unit 4: Relational Database Design - 4.1 Integrity Constraints (Domain, Entity, Referential, Assertions, Triggers) - 4.2 Features of Good Relational Designs - 4.3 Functional Dependencies and Armstrong's Axioms - 4.4 Closure of Functional Dependencies - 4.5 Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF) - 4.6 Denormalization for Performance
Understand database security, access control, and encryption mechanisms.	Unit 5: Security - 5.1 Security and Integrity Violations - 5.2 Access Control - 5.3 Authorization - 5.4 Security and Views
Understand query processing and optimization.	Unit 6: Query Processing and Optimization - 6.1 Query Processing Introduction - 6.2 Equivalence of Expressions - 6.3 Query Cost Estimation - 6.4 Query Optimization - 6.5 Query Evaluation and Execution Plan

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📜 License

This repository is licensed under the MIT License. You are free to use, modify, and distribute the code, provided that the original copyright notice and license text are included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

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Happy Reading! 🎉