C++ front-end: fix global constructor and member initialization

[tautschnig]

1. Store default values: Modified compound type declarator handling to preserve C++11 default member initializers in the AST using ID_C_default_value.

2. Generate constructors when needed: Modified compound body type checking to generate default constructors for classes with default member initializers, ensuring static initialization occurs.

3. Apply default values: Modified constructor member initialization to check for stored default values and create appropriate member initializers.

Fixes: #537

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 80.01%. Comparing base (1505c36) to head (38f7df4).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #8770   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    80.00%   80.01%           
========================================
  Files         1700     1700           
  Lines       188254   188271   +17     
  Branches        73       73           
========================================
+ Hits        150615   150636   +21     
+ Misses       37639    37635    -4     

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