fix: Support Athena workgroups with managed query results (#3174)

[Will282]

Feature or Bugfix

• Bugfix

Detail

• Support Athena workgroups with managed query results by detecting ManagedQueryResultsConfiguration and conditionally omitting ResultConfiguration from StartQueryExecution API calls
• Add GetQueryResults API-based result reader (_fetch_api_result) to read results from Athena-owned storage when no S3 OutputLocation is available, with support for both full and chunked reads
• Skip unnecessary _get_s3_output() call (and its bucket-creation side effect) in the regular query path when managed results is enabled
• Validate that result_reuse_configuration is not used with managed results workgroups, as AWS does not support this combination
• Route get_query_results() and cached-result paths through the API result reader when output_location is None
• Update s3_output docstrings on start_query_execution and read_sql_query to document managed results behaviour

Relates

• Cannot query Athena when using managed query result storage #3174

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

This PR was co-written with AI assistance.

[kukushking]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: GitHubCodeBuild8756EF16-4rfo0GHQ0u9a
• Commit ID: 279f48f
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AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: GitHubCodeBuild8756EF16-4rfo0GHQ0u9a
• Commit ID: 9b3b975
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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• CodeBuild project: GitHubCodeBuild8756EF16-4rfo0GHQ0u9a
• Commit ID: 9229da1
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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