UNIVERSITY OF WEST ATTICA
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS

University of West Attica · Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics

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Electronics

RC Filters and Scissors

Vasileios Evangelos Athanasiou
Student ID: 19390005

GitHub · LinkedIn

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Supervision

Supervisor: Panagiotis Giannakopoulos, Professor

UNIWA Profile · LinkedIn

Supervisor: Ioannis Amorginos, Applications Lecturer

UNIWA Profile · LinkedIn

Co-supervisor: Eleni Tsalera, Academic Scholar

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Co-supervisor: Michalis Diamantopoulos, Applications Lecturer

UNIWA Profile

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Athens, December 2022

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README

RC Filters and Scissors

This project investigates the behavior of R-C (Resistor–Capacitor) circuits, with emphasis on smoothing filters and scissors (clipping) circuits. The study combines theoretical analysis, software simulations using Multisim, and hands-on laboratory experiments to validate circuit behavior under various operating conditions.

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Table of Contents

Section	Folder / File	Description
1	assign/	Assignment material
1.1	assign/Exercise-6th-RC-Filters-and-Scissors.pdf	Assignment description (English)
1.2	assign/Άσκηση-6η-Φίλτρα-RC-και-Ψαλλιδιστές.pdf	Assignment description (Greek)
2	componentss/	Lab components and equipment images
3	docs/	Theoretical documentation
3.1	docs/RC-Filters-and-Scissors.pdf	Theory (English)
3.2	docs/RC-Φίλτρα-και-Ψαλλιδιστές.pdf	Theory (Greek)
4	filter/LabPNG/	RC filter lab experiment images
4.1	filter/Multisim/	RC filter Multisim project files
4.2	filter/MultisimPNG/	RC filter Multisim screenshots
4.3	filter/	Graphs and lab sheets (Filtro_Graph.png, FylloErgasthriou*.png, Q4.png, Q5.png, Q5Graph.png)
5	scissors/LabPNG/	Scissors (waveform shaping) lab images
5.1	scissors/Multisim/	Scissors lab Multisim project files
5.2	scissors/MultisimPNG/	Scissors lab Multisim screenshots
5.3	scissors/	Graphs and lab sheets (FylloErgasthriou*.png, psali_.png, Psali*.png, Q1**.png)
6	README.md	Project documentation
7	INSTALL.md	Usage instructions

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1. Project Structure

The report is divided into two main sections:

1.1 R-C Smoothing Filter Circuits

Analysis of smoothing filter behavior with focus on ripple voltage (Vₖ) under varying parameters:

• Input frequency
• Resistance values
• Capacitance values

The effect of each parameter on output signal stability is examined through calculations, simulations, and measurements.

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2. Scissors (Clipping) Circuits

Study of clipping circuit configurations, including:

• Standard scissor circuits
• Circuits with DC voltage offset
• Inverted clipping (shear) circuits

The output waveform distortion and voltage limiting behavior are analyzed.

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3. Laboratory Equipment Used

• Breadboard: M21-7000A Analog & Digital Training System
• Power Supply: DC Power Supply
• Multimeter: MCP MT8045 Digital Multimeter Bench
• Oscilloscope: HAMEG HM303-6 or HM203-5
• Components:
  • Silicon diode
  • Resistors: 4.7 kΩ, 10 kΩ
  • Capacitor: 0.1 µF

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4. Experimental Example: 1 kHz Smoothing Filter

A representative experiment involves a smoothing filter powered by a 6 V_p-p input signal at 1 kHz.

Theoretical Foundation

The ripple voltage Vₖ is calculated using:

$$ Vₖ = Vₚ / (f · R · C) $$

For:

• f = 1 kHz
• R = 4.7 kΩ
• C = 0.1 µF

The theoretical ripple voltage is:

$$ Vₖ ≈ 2 V $$

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5. Procedure Summary

1. Setup

   • Set input frequency to 1000 Hz
   • Adjust the input signal to 6 V_p-p using the oscilloscope

2. Assembly

   • Connect the silicon diode in series with the source
   • Place the 4.7 kΩ resistor after the diode

3. Filtering

   • Connect the 0.1 µF capacitor in parallel with the resistor

4. Measurement

   • Use Channel B of the oscilloscope to measure the output across the capacitor

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6. Contents

• Theoretical Solution
  Mathematical analysis and circuit schematics

• Simulated Solution
  Waveforms and measurements obtained using Multisim

• Experimental Solution
  Step-by-step laboratory procedures and recorded measurements