The default settings passed to the language server should include line length from Zed settings.
dart.lineLength (int?): Sets a default value for the formatter to wrap code at if no value is specified in formatter.page_width in analysis_options.yaml. If unspecified by both, code will be wrapped at 80 characters.
https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/blob/main/pkg/analysis_server/tool/lsp_spec/README.md