diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/apiInject.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/apiInject.ts
index 9285614835d..718a8401f38 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/apiInject.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/apiInject.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { isFunction } from '@vue/shared'
 import { currentInstance, getCurrentGenericInstance } from './component'
 import { currentApp } from './apiCreateApp'
 import { warn } from './warning'
+import { isHmrUpdating } from './hmr'
 
 interface InjectionConstraint<T> {}
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ export function provide<T, K = InjectionKey<T> | string | number>(
   value: K extends InjectionKey<infer V> ? V : T,
 ): void {
   if (__DEV__) {
-    if (!currentInstance || currentInstance.isMounted) {
+    if (!currentInstance || (currentInstance.isMounted && !isHmrUpdating)) {
       warn(`provide() can only be used inside setup().`)
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/runtime-vapor/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts b/packages/runtime-vapor/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts
index c5b07a6af79..9c17f60fcaf 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-vapor/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-vapor/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   onDeactivated,
   onMounted,
   onUnmounted,
+  provide,
   ref,
   toDisplayString,
 } from '@vue/runtime-dom'
@@ -1064,6 +1065,42 @@ describe('hot module replacement', () => {
     )
   })
 
+  test('reload setup only component', async () => {
+    const childId = 'test-child-reload-01'
+    const Child = defineVaporComponent({
+      __hmrId: childId,
+      render: compileToFunction(`<div>foo</div>`),
+    })
+    createRecord(childId, Child as any)
+
+    // Simulate router-view, it does not have a render function,
+    // so when it rerenders, the setup function will be called
+    const RouterView = defineVaporComponent({
+      setup() {
+        provide('foo', 'bar')
+        return createComponent(Child)
+      },
+    })
+
+    const { html } = define({
+      setup() {
+        return createComponent(RouterView)
+      },
+    }).render()
+
+    expect(html()).toBe('<div>foo</div>')
+
+    // will trigger parent rerender
+    reload(childId, {
+      __hmrId: childId,
+      render: compileToFunction(`<div>bar</div>`),
+    })
+
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(html()).toBe('<div>bar</div>')
+    expect('provide() can only be used inside setup()').not.toHaveBeenWarned()
+  })
+
   describe('switch vapor/vdom modes', () => {
     test('vapor -> vdom', async () => {
       const id = 'vapor-to-vdom'