Logging and spans via thread-local storage #21169

Job	Run time
fuzz	1h 9m 50s
build (self-hosted, stable)	14m 26s
benchmark	18m 17s
build (macos-latest, 1.75.0)	26m 13s
build (windows-latest, stable)	1h 9m 37s
ext-test	5m 32s
build (self-hosted, beta)	14m 12s
check_release	2m 41s
build (macos-latest, stable)	23m 7s
build (self-hosted, 1.75.0)	14m 15s
build-tx-sync (macos-latest, stable)	8m 4s
build-tx-sync (ubuntu-latest, stable)	5m 40s
build-tx-sync (macos-latest, 1.75.0)	10m 13s
build-tx-sync (ubuntu-latest, beta)	5m 4s
check_docs	3m 30s
build-tx-sync (macos-latest, beta)	5m 7s
build-tx-sync (ubuntu-latest, 1.75.0)	6m 1s
rustfmt	14s
linting	1m 6s
coverage	44m 45s
	5h 47m 54s

Provide feedback