In some cases, a piece of supporting information is provided along with the published article. These do not have a separate DOI but can be found on the same page where the main work is published.
My spontaneous suggestion would be to use the same filename convention as for the main article with the suffix _si, i.e.
`mustermann_2021_potential_42_si'. I don't know how we should handle the bibfiles and source identifiers in the files though.