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brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
0 0 1 1 rightarrow
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def

/MLine {
0 begin
storexyn
newpath
n 1 gt {
x 0 get y 0 get moveto
1 1 n 1 sub {
/i exch def
x i get y i get lineto
} for
patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow
} if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def

/Poly {
3 1 roll
newpath
moveto
-1 add
{ lineto } repeat
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
} def

/Rect {
0 begin
/t exch def
/r exch def
/b exch def
/l exch def
newpath
l b moveto
l t lineto
r t lineto
r b lineto
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def

/Text {
ishow
} def

/idef {
dup where { pop pop pop } { exch def } ifelse
} def

/ifill {
0 begin
gsave
patternGrayLevel -1 ne {
fgred bgred fgred sub patternGrayLevel mul add
fggreen bggreen fggreen sub patternGrayLevel mul add
fgblue bgblue fgblue sub patternGrayLevel mul add setrgbcolor
eofill
} {
eoclip
originalCTM setmatrix
pathbbox /t exch def /r exch def /b exch def /l exch def
/w r l sub ceiling cvi def
/h t b sub ceiling cvi def
/imageByteWidth w 8 div ceiling cvi def
/imageHeight h def
bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor
eofill
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
w 0 gt h 0 gt and {
l b translate w h scale
w h true [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] { patternproc } imagemask
} if
} ifelse
grestore
end
} dup 0 8 dict put def

/istroke {
gsave
brushDashOffset -1 eq {
[] 0 setdash
1 setgray
} {
brushDashArray brushDashOffset setdash
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
} ifelse
brushWidth setlinewidth
originalCTM setmatrix
stroke
grestore
} def

/ishow {
0 begin
gsave
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
/fontDict printFont printSize scalefont dup setfont def
/descender fontDict begin 0 [FontBBox] 1 get FontMatrix end
transform exch pop def
/vertoffset 1 printSize sub descender sub def {
0 vertoffset moveto show
/vertoffset vertoffset printSize sub def
} forall
grestore
end
} dup 0 3 dict put def
/patternproc {
0 begin
/patternByteLength patternString length def
/patternHeight patternByteLength 8 mul sqrt cvi def
/patternWidth patternHeight def
/patternByteWidth patternWidth 8 idiv def
/imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth imageHeight mul
stringLimit patternByteWidth sub min def
/imageMaxHeight imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth idiv patternHeight idiv
patternHeight mul patternHeight max def
/imageHeight imageHeight imageMaxHeight sub store
/imageString imageByteWidth imageMaxHeight mul patternByteWidth add string def
0 1 imageMaxHeight 1 sub {
/y exch def
/patternRow y patternByteWidth mul patternByteLength mod def
/patternRowString patternString patternRow patternByteWidth getinterval def
/imageRow y imageByteWidth mul def
0 patternByteWidth imageByteWidth 1 sub {
/x exch def
imageString imageRow x add patternRowString putinterval
} for
} for
imageString
end
} dup 0 12 dict put def

/min {
dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll lt { exch } if pop
} def

/max {
dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll gt { exch } if pop
} def

/midpoint {
0 begin
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
/y0 exch def
/x0 exch def
x0 x1 add 2 div
y0 y1 add 2 div
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def

/thirdpoint {
0 begin
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
/y0 exch def
/x0 exch def
x0 2 mul x1 add 3 div
y0 2 mul y1 add 3 div
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def

/subspline {
0 begin
/movetoNeeded exch def
y exch get /y3 exch def
x exch get /x3 exch def
y exch get /y2 exch def
x exch get /x2 exch def
y exch get /y1 exch def
x exch get /x1 exch def
y exch get /y0 exch def
x exch get /x0 exch def
x1 y1 x2 y2 thirdpoint
/p1y exch def
/p1x exch def
x2 y2 x1 y1 thirdpoint
/p2y exch def
/p2x exch def
x1 y1 x0 y0 thirdpoint
p1x p1y midpoint
/p0y exch def
/p0x exch def
x2 y2 x3 y3 thirdpoint
p2x p2y midpoint
/p3y exch def
/p3x exch def
movetoNeeded { p0x p0y moveto } if
p1x p1y p2x p2y p3x p3y curveto
end
} dup 0 17 dict put def

/storexyn {
/n exch def
/y n array def
/x n array def
n 1 sub -1 0 {
/i exch def
y i 3 2 roll put
x i 3 2 roll put
} for
} def


/arrowhead {
0 begin
transform originalCTM itransform
/taily exch def
/tailx exch def
transform originalCTM itransform
/tipy exch def
/tipx exch def
/dy tipy taily sub def
/dx tipx tailx sub def
/angle dx 0 ne dy 0 ne or { dy dx atan } { 90 } ifelse def
gsave
originalCTM setmatrix
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
newpath
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto
0 0 lineto
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto
patternNone not {
originalCTM setmatrix
/padtip arrowHeight 2 exp 0.25 arrowWidth 2 exp mul add sqrt brushWidth mul
arrowWidth div def
/padtail brushWidth 2 div def
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
padtip 0 translate
arrowHeight padtip add padtail add arrowHeight div dup scale
arrowheadpath
ifill
} if
brushNone not {
originalCTM setmatrix
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
arrowheadpath
istroke
} if
grestore
end
} dup 0 9 dict put def

/arrowheadpath {
newpath
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto
0 0 lineto
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto
} def

/leftarrow {
0 begin
y exch get /taily exch def
x exch get /tailx exch def
y exch get /tipy exch def
x exch get /tipx exch def
brushLeftArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def

/rightarrow {
0 begin
y exch get /tipy exch def
x exch get /tipx exch def
y exch get /taily exch def
x exch get /tailx exch def
brushRightArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def




Begin
[ 0.923077 0 0 0.923077 0 0 ] concat
/originalCTM matrix currentmatrix def

Begin %I Pict
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
[ 1 0 0 1 -12.4754 258.864 ] concat

Begin %I Elli
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
< 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 > -1 SetP
[ 0.8 0 0 0.8 -121.065 35.6798 ] concat
225 477 0 0 Elli
End

Begin %I Pict
[ 0.8 0 0 0.8 -123.248 34.4318 ] concat

Begin %I BSpl
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.170765 -3.78055e-09 3.78055e-09 -0.139932 360.928 604.55 ] concat
225 369
209 371
199 373
189 377
177 383
169 388
158 395
151 405
144 411
139 419
131 429
125 440
121 450
117 461
113 474
111 485
110 495
109 506
109 517
109 531
111 544
113 557
117 569
120 577
124 586
130 597
137 606
141 612
147 620
155 628
165 637
176 643
187 648
193 653
206 657
217 657
225 657
225 657
38 BSpl
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
226 657 459 657 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
459 657 459 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
459 369 225 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 610.398 ] concat
460 617 529 617 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.6 597.532 ] concat
460 418 529 418 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 5.84062e-09 -0.48 0.48 5.84062e-09 62.2723 685.404 ] concat
319 584 319 612 Line
End

End %I eop

Begin %I Pict
[ 0.8 0 0 0.8 -28.4352 83.3982 ] concat

Begin %I BSpl
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.170765 -3.78055e-09 3.78054e-09 -0.139932 362.877 514.103 ] concat
225 369
209 371
199 373
189 377
177 383
169 388
158 395
151 405
144 411
139 419
131 429
125 440
121 450
117 461
113 474
111 485
110 495
109 506
109 517
109 531
111 544
113 557
117 569
120 577
124 586
130 597
137 606
141 612
147 620
155 628
165 637
176 643
187 648
193 653
206 657
217 657
225 657
225 657
38 BSpl
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 355.94 514.103 ] concat
226 657 459 657 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 355.94 514.103 ] concat
459 657 459 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 355.94 514.103 ] concat
459 369 225 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 355.94 516.442 ] concat
460 617 529 617 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 355.94 509.425 ] concat
460 484 528 484 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 355.94 510.594 ] concat
460 418 529 418 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 5.84062e-09 -0.48 0.48 5.84062e-09 64.2216 594.957 ] concat
319 584 319 612 Line
End

End %I eop

Begin %I Pict
[ 0.8 0 0 0.8 -123.248 -17.3409 ] concat

Begin %I BSpl
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.170765 -3.78055e-09 3.78055e-09 -0.139932 360.928 604.55 ] concat
225 369
209 371
199 373
189 377
177 383
169 388
158 395
151 405
144 411
139 419
131 429
125 440
121 450
117 461
113 474
111 485
110 495
109 506
109 517
109 531
111 544
113 557
117 569
120 577
124 586
130 597
137 606
141 612
147 620
155 628
165 637
176 643
187 648
193 653
206 657
217 657
225 657
225 657
38 BSpl
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
226 657 459 657 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
459 657 459 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
459 369 225 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 610.398 ] concat
460 617 529 617 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.6 597.532 ] concat
460 418 529 418 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 5.84062e-09 -0.48 0.48 5.84062e-09 62.2723 685.404 ] concat
319 584 319 612 Line
End

End %I eop

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 1.19394 236.533 ] concat
271 696 271 568 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.9696 236.845 ] concat
364 568 310 568 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.9696 236.533 ] concat
359 696 310 696 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
364 735 207 735 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
360 530 208 530 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
310 633 207 633 Line
End

Begin %I Rect
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 55.1499 291.737 ] concat
94 451 103 460 Rect
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
551 550 551 476 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -11.2815 218.444 ] concat
552 476 894 476 Line
End

Begin %I Rect
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 130.626 266.162 ] concat
94 451 103 460 Rect
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.3458 236.845 ] concat
552 550 638 550 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
638 550 638 642 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
638 642 673 642 Line
End

Begin %I Rect
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 100.061 274.583 ] concat
222 380 262 476 Rect
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
0 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.3458 288.618 ] concat
552 550 638 550 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
638 716 638 668 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.845 ] concat
638 668 672 668 Line
End

Begin %I Rect
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 100.061 327.292 ] concat
222 380 262 476 Rect
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
666 611 666 546 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 -10.6577 236.533 ] concat
856 642 894 642 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 61.3877 225.305 ] concat
320 519 320 454 Line
End

Begin %I Line
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
1 SetP
[ 0.311885 0 0 0.311885 138.423 225.305 ] concat
188 589 188 503 Line
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 40.5701 468.339 ] concat
[
(c)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 39.3325 436.322 ] concat
[
(a)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 39.8918 404.084 ] concat
[
(b)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 203.733 380.101 ] concat
[
(d)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 276.072 438.693 ] concat
[
(x)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 274.055 366.588 ] concat
[
(y)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 119.892 461.986 ] concat
[
(g1)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 216.678 438.325 ] concat
[
(g2)
] Text
End

End %I eop

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 69 583 ] concat
[
(\(a\) Sequential Circuit)
] Text
End

Begin %I Text
0 0 0 SetCFg
Helvetica 12 SetF
[ 1 0 0 1 395.27 583 ] concat
[
(\(b\) Peripherally Retime)
] Text
End

Begin %I Pict
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB

Begin %I Elli
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
< 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 > -1 SetP
[ 0.8 0 0 0.8 198.617 294.544 ] concat
225 477 0 0 Elli
End

Begin %I Pict
[ 0.8 0 0 0.8 196.434 293.296 ] concat

Begin %I BSpl
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.170765 -3.78055e-09 3.78055e-09 -0.139932 360.928 604.55 ] concat
225 369
209 371
199 373
189 377
177 383
169 388
158 395
151 405
144 411
139 419
131 429
125 440
121 450
117 461
113 474
111 485
110 495
109 506
109 517
109 531
111 544
113 557
117 569
120 577
124 586
130 597
137 606
141 612
147 620
155 628
165 637
176 643
187 648
193 653
206 657
217 657
225 657
225 657
38 BSpl
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
226 657 459 657 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
459 657 459 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 604.55 ] concat
459 369 225 369 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.99 610.398 ] concat
460 617 529 617 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.139932 -3.40538e-09 3.40538e-09 -0.139932 353.6 597.532 ] concat
460 418 529 418 Line
End

Begin %I Line
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ 5.84062e-09 -0.48 0.48 5.84062e-09 62.2723 685.404 ] concat
319 584 319 612 Line
End

End %I eop

Begin %I Pict
[ 0.8 0 0 0.8 291.247 342.263 ] concat

Begin %I BSpl
1 0 0 [] 0 SetB
0 0 0 SetCFg
1 1 1 SetCBg
none SetP %I p n
[ -0.170765 -3.78055e-09 3.78054e-09 -0.139932 362.877 514.103 ] concat
225 369
209 371
199 373
189 377
177 383
169 388
158 395
151 405
144 411
139 419
131 429
125 440
121 450
117 461
113 474
111 485
110 495
109 506
109 517
109 531
111 544
113 557
117 569
120 577
124 586
130 597
137 606
141 612
147 620
155 628
165 637
176 643
187 648
193 653
206 657
217 657
225 657
225 657
38 BSpl
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2601 y(value)f(of)g Fo(x)g Fu(in)g Fo(s)h Fu(is:)p 0 2625 780
2 v 45 2652 a Fj(3)60 2664 y Fi(Such)d(latches)h(cannot)e(be)i(represented)e
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bop 62 195 a Ff(\017)21 b Fu(the)10 b(value)g(of)h Fo(x)f Fu(in)g(the)g
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(0100)g(transition)e Fo(b)1474 310 y Fl(\000)1474 340 y Fp(2)1515
328 y Fu(is)i(enabled,)h(so)f(the)g(implied)104 378 y(value)d(of)g
Fo(b)g Fu(in)g(0100)f(is)h(0.)62 461 y(A)i(combinational)d(function,)i
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(\(minterm\))g(obviously)e(implements)i(the)0 511 y(required)h(behavior)f(of)
h(each)i(output)d(signal.)20 b(This)13 b(straightforward)d(implementation,)i
(though,)f(can)j(still)c(exhibit)h Fm(hazar)n(ds)h Fu(\(i.e.)0
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0 610 y(circuit\).)k Fs(SIS)13 b Fu(provides)e(an)h(implementation)f(of)g
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(hazard-free)h(circuits)0 660 y(under)d(the)g Fm(unbounded)f(gate-delay)g
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(.)62 710 y(The)h(commands)g(that)f(operate)g(on)g(a)g(signal)g(transition)e
(graph)h(and)h(produce)g(an)h(asynchronous)e(circuit)g(implementation)g(of)h
(it)0 760 y(can)h(be)g(roughly)d(classi\256ed)j(as)g Fm(analysis)e
Fu(and)i Fm(synthesis)f Fu(commands.)0 870 y Fr(Analysis)f(commands)62
953 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p 178 953 13 2 v 14 w(curr)o(ent)13
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V 14 w(marking)12 b Fu(prints)f(the)h(current)f(marking,)i(if)f(any)m(,)h(of)
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(marking)f(was)104 1086 y(obtained)e(automatically)g(by)h Fs(SIS)i
Fu(,)e(since)h(this)f(is)g(an)g(expensive)h(computation\).)62
1169 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p 178 1169 V 14 w(print)p 282 1169
V 15 w(sg)7 b Fu(prints)e(the)i(state)g(graph)g(obtained)f(during)f(the)i
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1252 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p 178 1252 V 14 w(print)p 282 1252
V 15 w(stat)10 b Fu(prints)f(a)i(brief)f(summary)g(of)g(the)g(signal)g
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178 1445 V 14 w(syn)9 b Fu(synthesizes)g(a)g(hazard-free)h(circuit)e(using)f
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(hazards)i(from)e(the)104 1495 y(initial)i(circuit,)i(produced)g(from)g(the)g
(implied)f(values)i(as)g(described)f(above,)h(by)f(adding)g(redundant)f
(gates)i(and/or)e(adding)104 1545 y(input)g(connections)i(to)f(some)i(gates,)
g(as)g(described)f(in)f([32)o(].)24 b(This)12 b(command)i(\(as)g(well)e(as)i
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(the)104 1595 y(initial)8 b(marking)i(if)g(it)f(is)h(not)f(explicitly)g
(given.)62 1678 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p 178 1678 V 14 w(to)p
227 1678 V 15 w(f)10 b Fu(synthesizes)d(a)i(circuit)d(\(like)h
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h(and)g(stores)g(its)f Fm(potential)e(hazar)n(ds)j Fu(using)e(the)104
1727 y Fm(bounded)h(wir)n(e-delay)h Fu(model)543 1712 y Fp(4)559
1727 y Fu(.)15 b(Those)9 b(hazards)f(can)h(be)g(eliminated,)f(after)g(a)g
Fm(constrained)g(logic)f(synthesis)h Fu(and)g Fm(technology)104
1777 y(mapping)p Fu(,)h(by)h(the)g Fr(astg)p 457 1777 V 14
w(slow)g Fu(command.)62 1860 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p 178 1860
V 14 w(slow)7 b Fu(inserts)g(delays,)f(as)h(described)g(in)g([20)n(],)h(in)f
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(speci\256c)g(implementati)o(on)104 1910 y(technology)m(.)14
b(Note)8 b(that)h(this)f(step)h(can)h(take)f(advantage)h(of)f(the)f
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1895 y Fp(5)1940 1910 y Fu(.)104 1960 y(These)14 b(delays)g(can)g(either)f
(be)h(given)e(as)j(a)e(single)g(lower)g(bound,)h(with)e(the)h
Fr(-d)g Fu(option,)g(or)g(in)g(a)h(\256le,)h(with)d(the)h Fr(-f)j
Fu(option.)104 2010 y(Each)f(line)f(in)g(this)f(environment)g(delay)i(\256le)
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(represents)f(the)104 2059 y(minimum)h(guaranteed)i(lower)f(bound)f(on)g(the)
h(delay)g(between)h(a)g(transition)d(on)h(the)h(\256rst)g(signal)g(and)g(a)h
(rising/falli)o(ng)104 2109 y(transition)8 b(respectively)i(on)g(the)g
(second)h(signal.)104 2176 y(In)g(order)g(to)h(do)f(worst-case)h(hazard)h
(analysis,)f Fr(astg)p 889 2176 V 14 w(slow)f Fu(also)h(provides)f(a)h
(rudimentary)f(mechanism)i(to)e(describe)h(gates)104 2225 y(with)g(upper)h
(and)g(lower)g(bounds)g(on)f(the)i(delay)m(,)g(using)f(the)g
Fr(-m)g Fu(option.)22 b(This)13 b(option)f(speci\256es)i(a)g(multiplicative)d
(factor)104 2275 y(to)i(obtain)f(the)h Fm(minimum)f Fu(delay)h(of)g(each)i
(gate,)g(given)d(its)h(maximum)h(delay)f(as)h(speci\256ed)g(by)f(the)g(gate)h
(library)e(used)i(for)104 2325 y(technology)9 b(mapping.)104
2392 y(Note)f(that)h(the)f Fr(astg)p 398 2392 V 15 w(to)p 448
2392 V 14 w(f)j Fu(and)e Fr(astg)p 628 2392 V 15 w(slow)f Fu(commands)i
(require)e(that)g(only)g Fm(algebraic)g Fu(operations)g(during)g(logic)g
(synthesis)g(in)104 2441 y(order)i(to)g(guarantee)i(hazard-free)f(synthesis.)
17 b(Namely)11 b(only)f(the)g Fr(sweep)p Fu(,)j Fr(fx)p Fu(,)e
Fr(gkx)p Fu(,)g Fr(gcx)p Fu(,)g Fr(r)o(esub)p Fu(,)i Fr(eliminate)p
Fu(,)d Fr(decomp)h Fu(and)104 2491 y Fr(map)f Fu(commands)h(can)g(be)f(used.)
16 b(Other)10 b(commands)h(such)f(as)h Fr(simplify)e Fu(and)h
Fr(full)p 1315 2491 V 14 w(simplify)e Fu(may)j(re-introduce)f(hazards.)p
0 2527 780 2 v 45 2554 a Fj(4)60 2566 y Fi(Note)e(that)h(a)f(circuit)h(that)f
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(model,)g(where)g(all)h(wire)g(delays)e(are)i(assumed)e(to)h(be)h(zero,)f
(can)g(exhibit)0 2605 y(hazards)h(with)h(the)g(bounded)e(wire-delay)h(model.)
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(suits)g(the)g(underlying)f(implementation)f(technology)0 2645
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(this)h(represents)e(a)i(pessimistic)f(worst-case)g(assumption)f(for)h
(hazard)g(analysis.)954 2828 y Fu(16)p eop
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bop 232 188 a Fu(TLU)11 b(Synthesis)p 232 204 251 2 v 232 241
a(xl)p 267 241 13 2 v 14 w(ao)219 b(cube-packing)10 b(on)g(an)h(infeasible)f
(network)232 290 y(xl)p 267 290 V 14 w(k)p 302 290 V 15 w(decomp)91
b(apply)10 b(Roth-Karp)f(decomposition)232 340 y(xl)p 267 340
V 14 w(split)185 b(modi\256ed)10 b(kernel)h(extraction)232
390 y(xl)p 267 390 V 14 w(imp)193 b(apply)10 b(dif)o(ferent)g(decomposition)e
(schemes)13 b(and)d(pick)g(the)g(best)232 440 y(xl)p 267 440
V 14 w(absorb)147 b(reduce)11 b(infeasibility)d(of)i(the)g(network)232
490 y(xl)p 267 490 V 14 w(cover)166 b(use)11 b(binate)f(covering)g(to)f
(minimize)i(number)f(of)g(blocks)232 539 y(xl)p 267 539 V 14
w(partition)115 b(minimize)11 b(number)f(of)g(blocks)g(by)g(collapsing)f
(nodes)h(into)f(immediate)h(fanouts)232 589 y(xl)p 267 589
V 14 w(part)p 346 589 V 15 w(coll)115 b(initial)9 b(mapping)g(and)i(partial)e
(collapse)i(on)e(the)i(network)232 639 y(xl)p 267 639 V 14
w(mer)o(ge)156 b(identify)9 b(function-pairs)f(to)i(be)h(placed)f(on)g(the)g
(same)i(CLB)232 689 y(xl)p 267 689 V 14 w(decomp)p 412 689
V 15 w(two)49 b(cube-packing)10 b(tar)o(geted)h(for)f(two-output)d(CLB')n(s)
232 739 y(xl)p 267 739 V 14 w(rl)232 b(reduce)11 b(number)g(of)f(levels)p
234 789 V 247 789 a(xl)p 282 789 V 14 w(nodevalue)72 b(print)9
b(infeasible)h(nodes)232 888 y(MB)g(Synthesis)p 232 904 235
2 v 232 940 a(act)p 282 940 13 2 v 15 w(map)171 b(block)10
b(count)g(minimization)f(for)g Fm(act1)h Fu(and)g Fm(act)h
Fu(architectures)619 1029 y(T)m(able)g(1:)j(PGA)c(Synthesis)g(Commands)g(in)g
Fs(SIS)62 1162 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p 178 1162 V 14 w(contract)p
Fu(,)11 b(given)d(a)i(speci\256c)h(output)c(signal)i Fo(x)g
Fu(for)g(which)g(logic)f(needs)i(to)f(be)h(synthesized,)f(removes)h(from)g
(the)f(signal)104 1212 y(transition)i(graph)h(all)h(the)f(signals)h(that)f
(are)i(not)e(directly)g(required)g(as)i(inputs)d(of)i(the)f(logic)g
(implementing)g Fo(x)p Fu(.)23 b(Note)13 b(that)104 1262 y(contraction)g(is)h
(guaranteed)g(to)g(yield)f(a)i(contracted)g(signal)e(transition)f(graph)i
Fm(with)f(complete)h(state)g(coding)f Fu(only)h(if)f(the)104
1312 y(original)8 b(signal)i(transition)e(graph)i(was)h(a)g
Fm(marked)g(graph)p Fu(.)62 1395 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p 178
1395 V 14 w(lockgraph)p Fu(,)f(given)c(a)i(correct)g(signal)f(transition)e
(graph)i(without)e(complete)j(state)g(coding,)g(uses)g(the)g(algorithm)104
1445 y(described)10 b(in)f([56)o(])h(to)f(produce)h(a)g(signal)g(transition)d
(graph)j(with)f(less)h(concurrency)g(but)f(complete)h(state)g(coding)f(\(so)h
(that)f(it)104 1495 y(can)i(be)f(synthesized\).)15 b(Note)10
b(that)g(this)f(technique)h(works)g(successfully)g(only)f(for)h
Fm(marked)h(graphs)p Fu(.)62 1578 y Ff(\017)21 b Fr(astg)p
178 1578 V 14 w(persist)15 b Fu(ensures)g(that)f(the)g(signal)f(transition)f
(graph)i(is)g Fm(persistent)p Fu(,)i(i.e.)28 b(no)13 b(signal)h(that)g
(enables)g(a)h(transition)d(can)104 1627 y(change)g(value)g(before)g(that)g
(transition)d(has)k(\256red)f(\(this)f(property)f(ensures)j(a)f(somewhat)g
(simpler)g(implementation,)f(at)h(the)104 1677 y(cost)e(of)g(a)h(loss)f(in)f
(concurrency\).)16 b(Note)10 b(that)f(this)h(command)h(works)f(successfully)g
(only)f(for)h Fm(marked)h(graphs)p Fu(.)62 1760 y Ff(\017)21
b Fr(astg)p 178 1760 V 14 w(to)p 227 1760 V 15 w(stg)12 b Fu(produces)h(a)h
Fm(state)e(transition)e(graph)j Fu(representation)f(that)g(describes)h(a)h
(behavior)e(equivalent)g(to)g(the)h(signal)104 1810 y(transition)c(graph.)20
b(It)11 b(can)h(be)g(used,)h(for)e(example,)i(to)e(compare)i(a)f(synchronous)
f(and)g(an)h(asynchronous)f(implementation)104 1860 y(of)f(\(roughly\))e(the)
i(same)i(speci\256cation.)0 1978 y Fq(3.4)50 b(Logic)13 b(Synthesis)e(for)h
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Fu(Synthesizing)k(circuits)g(tar)o(geted)h(for)g(particular)f(PGA)h
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b(A)0 2106 y(number)9 b(of)g(these)g(have)h(been)f(implemented)g(in)f(latter)
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(enhanced)h(in)e Fs(SIS)p Fu(.)16 b(These)0 2156 y(algorithms)11
b(are)i(described)g(brie\257y)f(in)f(this)h(section.)21 b(A)12
b(summary)h(of)f(the)g(commands)i(in)d Fs(SIS)j Fu(for)e(PGA)g(synthesis)g
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(architectures)h(share)g(a)g(common)g(feature:)16 b(repeated)11
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Fo(m)i Fu(inputs,)e Fo(m)k Ff(\025)f Fu(2.)20 b(For)12 b(a)h(given)e(TLU)i
(architecture,)g Fo(m)g Fu(is)f(a)0 2504 y(\256xed)e(number)n(.)k(A)c
(typical)e(example)i(is)f(the)h(Xilinx)d(architecture)j([18)o(],)g(in)f
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(block)0 2554 y(is)h(a)g(con\256guration)f(of)h(multiplexors)e([13)o(].)18
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2654 y(on)g(extending)f(the)h(capabilities)g(to)f(handle)h(sequential)g
(circuits.)954 2828 y(17)p eop
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bop 62 195 a Fu(The)14 b(algorithms)e(and)i(the)f(corresponding)f(commands)i
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Fr(Making)g(an)g(infeasible)g(node)g(feasible)62 890 y Fu(Decomposition)h(is)
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%%Page: 30 30
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(November)h(1991.)0 1631 y([36])20 b(R.)15 b(Mur)o(gai,)i(N.)f(Shenoy)m(,)h
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b(Performance)17 b(Directed)e(Synthesis)g(for)90 1681 y(T)m(able)c(Look)e(Up)
h(Programmable)g(Gate)h(Arrays.)j(In)c Fm(Pr)n(oceedings)h(of)e(the)h
(International)d(Confer)n(ence)k(on)e(Computer)o(-Aided)90
1731 y(Design)p Fu(,)h(pages)h(572\261575,)e(November)i(1991.)0
1813 y([37])20 b(C.)c(Pixley)e(and)i(G.)g(Beihl.)28 b(Calculating)14
b(Resetability)g(and)i(Reset)f(Sequences.)31 b(In)15 b Fm(Pr)n(oceedings)i
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2390 y([41])20 b(H.)e(Savoj)e(and)i(R.K.)f(Brayton.)33 b(The)18
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Fm(Pr)n(oceedings)90 2572 y(of)h(the)g(International)d(Confer)n(ence)k(on)f
(Computer)o(-Aided)g(Design)p Fu(,)g(November)g(1991.)0 2654
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Fu(,)i(May)f(1991.)954 2828 y(31)p eop
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bop 0 195 a Fu([44])20 b(James)7 b(B.)g(Saxe.)k Fm(Decomposable)c(Sear)n
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12 b(of)h(Computational)e(Structur)n(es)p Fu(.)25 b(CMU-CS-85-162,)13
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477 y(Berkeley)m(,)i(CA)f(94720,)f(May)i(1987.)0 560 y([46])20
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b Fm(Pr)n(oceedings)i(of)d(the)90 610 y(International)c(Confer)n(ence)12
b(on)d(VLSI)p Fu(,)i(pages)g(461\261470,)e(August)h(1991.)0
693 y([47])20 b(K.J.)13 b(Singh)e(and)i(A.)f(Sangiovanni-V)n(incentelli.)17
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(Sangiovanni-V)n(incentelli.)k(T)o(iming)10 b(Optimization)f(of)i
(Combinational)90 876 y(Logic.)19 b(In)11 b Fm(Pr)n(oceedings)i(of)e(the)h
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Fu(,)j(pages)f(282\261285,)f(November)90 926 y(1988.)0 1009
y([49])20 b(A.)e(Srinivasan,)i(T)m(.)f(Kam,)i(S.)d(Malik,)i(and)e(R.K.)g
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b(Performance-Oriented)12 b(T)m(echnology)g(Mapping.)18 b(In)12
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Fu(,)g(pages)g(79\26197,)f(April)f(1990.)0 1407 y([52])20 b(H.)11
b(T)m(ouati,)h(H.)f(Savoj,)g(and)h(R.K.)f(Brayton.)16 b(Delay)c(Optimization)
d(of)i(Combinational)e(Logic)i(Circuits)e(by)i(Clustering)e(and)90
1457 y(Partial)g(Collapsing.)i(In)e Fm(Pr)n(oceedings)h(of)e(the)h
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Fu(,)h(November)h(1991.)0 1540 y([53])20 b(H.)15 b(T)m(ouati,)g(H.)g(Savoj,)g
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Fu(,)90 1640 y(pages)j(130\261133,)e(November)h(1990.)0 1723
y([54])20 b(Herv)175 1724 y(\302)173 1723 y(e)6 b(J.)g(T)m(ouati.)j
Fm(Performance-Oriented)d(T)l(echnology)g(Mapping)p Fu(.)h(Memorandum)f(No.)g
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b Fm(Asynchr)n(onous)c(Sequential)e(Switching)f(Cir)n(cuits)p
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2254 y([58])20 b(T)m(.)13 b(V)n(illa)d(and)i(A.)g(Sangiovanni-V)n
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eop
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Fa(.names)25 b(<in-1>)f(<in-2>)h(...)f(<in-n>)h(<output>)90
1056 y(<single-ou)q(tp)q(ut-)q(co)q(ve)q(r>)21 1147 y Fm(output)8
b Fu(is)i(a)h(string)e(giving)g(the)h(name)h(of)f(the)g(gate)h(being)e
(de\256ned.)21 1230 y Fm(in-1,)g(in-2,)h(...)16 b(in-n)9 b
Fu(are)i(strings)f(giving)e(the)i(names)i(of)e(the)g(inputs)e(to)i(the)g
(logic)g(gate)g(being)g(de\256ned.)21 1313 y Fm(single-output-cover)d
Fu(is,)i(formally)m(,)f(an)h(n-input,)f(1-output)e(PLA)j(description)f(of)g
(the)g(logic)g(function)f(corresponding)g(to)i(the)f(logic)104
1363 y(gate.)18 b Ff(f)p Fu(0,)12 b(1,)g(\261)p Ff(g)f Fu(is)g(used)g(in)g
(the)g(n-bit)f(wide)h(\252input)f(plane\272)i(and)g Ff(f)p
Fu(0,)f(1)p Ff(g)g Fu(is)g(used)h(in)f(the)g(1-bit)f(wide)h(\252output)f
(plane\272.)18 b(The)104 1413 y Fs(ON)p Fu(-set)9 b(is)g(speci\256ed)h(with)f
(1')n(s)g(in)f(the)h(\252output)f(plane,\272)j(and)e(the)g
Fs(OFF)p Fu(-set)i(is)e(speci\256ed)h(with)e(0')n(s)h(in)g(the)g(\252output)f
(plane.\272)15 b(The)104 1462 y Fs(DC)p Fu(-set)10 b(is)g(speci\256ed)h(for)f
(primary)g(output)e(nodes)j(only)m(,)e(by)h(using)g(the)g(construct)f
Fm(.exdc)p Fu(.)62 1546 y(A)i(sample)g Fm(logic-gate)d Fu(with)h(its)h
Fm(single-output-cover)p Fu(:)90 1615 y Fa(.names)25 b(v3)e(v6)g(j)g(u78)h
(v13.15)90 1652 y(1--0)g(1)90 1688 y(-1-1)g(1)90 1725 y(0-11)g(1)62
1808 y Fu(In)13 b(a)g(given)f(row)g(of)g(the)h Fm(single-output-cover)p
Fu(,)e(\2521\272)j(means)f(the)g(input)e(is)h(used)h(in)f(uncomplemented)h
(form,)g(\2520\272)h(means)f(the)0 1858 y(input)c(is)h(complemented,)h(and)f
(\252\261\272)h(means)h(not)d(used.)16 b(Elements)10 b(of)g(a)h(row)f(are)h
Fs(AND)p Fu(ed)g(together)n(,)f(and)g(then)g(all)g(rows)g(are)h
Fs(OR)p Fu(ed.)62 1908 y(As)j(a)g(result,)g(if)f(the)g(last)g(column)g(\(the)
g(\252output)f(plane\272\))i(of)f(the)g Fm(single-output-cover)e
Fu(is)j(all)f(1')n(s,)h(the)f(\256rst)g(n)g(columns)g(\(the)0
1957 y(\252input)8 b(plane\272\))i(of)f(the)g Fm(single-output-cover)e
Fu(can)j(be)g(viewed)f(as)h(the)f(truth)f(table)h(for)g(the)g(logic)f(gate)i
(named)g(by)f(the)g(string)f Fm(output)p Fu(.)0 2007 y(The)i(order)e(of)h
(the)f(inputs)g(in)g(the)h Fm(single-output-cover)e Fu(is)i(the)g(same)h(as)f
(the)g(order)g(of)f(the)h(strings)f Fm(in-1,)g(in-2,)h(...,)i(in-n)d
Fu(in)g(the)h Fm(.names)0 2057 y Fu(line.)15 b(A)10 b(space)i(between)e(the)g
(columns)g(of)g(the)g(\252input)g(plane\272)g(and)h(the)f(\252output)f
(plane\272)h(is)g(required.)62 2099 y(The)h(translation)e(of)h(the)g(above)g
(sample)h Fm(logic-gate)e Fu(into)g(a)i(sum-of-products)e(notation)f(would)h
(be)i(as)g(follows:)90 2168 y Fa(v13.15)25 b(=)d(\(v3)i(u78'\))h(+)d(\(v6)i
(u78\))g(+)f(\(v3')h(j)f(u78\))0 2238 y Fu(T)m(o)11 b(assign)f(the)g
(constant)g(\2520\272)h(to)e(some)i(logic)f(gate)g Fe(j)p Fu(,)h(use)g(the)f
(following)d(construct:)90 2308 y Fa(.names)25 b(j)0 2378 y
Fu(T)m(o)11 b(assign)f(the)g(constant)g(\2521\272,)h(use)g(the)f(following:)
90 2447 y Fa(.names)25 b(j)90 2484 y(1)62 2567 y Fu(The)11
b(string)e Fm(output)g Fu(can)i(be)f(used)h(as)g(the)f(input)e(to)i(another)g
Fm(logic-gate)f Fu(before)h(the)g Fm(logic-gate)f Fu(for)h
Fm(output)e Fu(is)i(itself)g(de\256ned.)62 2617 y(For)g(a)h(more)g(complete)f
(description)f(of)h(the)g(PLA)h(input)e(format,)h(see)i Fm(espr)n(esso\(5\))p
Fu(.)954 2828 y(34)p eop
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bop 0 195 a Fv(3)58 b(External)15 b(Don't)h(Car)o(es)0 288
y Fu(External)e(don')o(t)f(cares)j(are)f(speci\256ed)g(as)g(a)f(separate)i
(network)d(within)f(a)j(model,)h(and)e(are)h(speci\256ed)g(at)f(the)g(end)g
(of)g(the)g(model)0 338 y(speci\256cation.)20 b(Each)12 b(external)g(don')o
(t)f(care)i(function,)e(which)g(is)h(speci\256ed)g(by)f(a)i
Fm(.names)f Fu(construct,)g(must)f(be)h(associated)h(with)e(a)0
387 y(primary)h(output)f(of)h(the)h(main)f(model)h(and)g(speci\256ed)g(as)g
(a)g(function)e(of)i(the)f(primary)g(inputs)f(of)i(the)f(main)h(model)f
(\(hierarchical)0 437 y(speci\256cation)e(of)g(external)g(don')o(t)g(cares)h
(is)f(currently)f(not)h(supported\).)62 478 y(The)h(external)f(don')o(t)g
(cares)h(are)g(speci\256ed)g(as)g(follows:)90 544 y Fa(.exdc)90
581 y(.names)25 b(<in-1>)f(<in-2>)h(...)f(<in-n>)h(<output>)90
617 y(<single-ou)q(tp)q(ut-)q(co)q(ve)q(r>)20 705 y Fu(_)21
704 y(exdc)11 b(indicates)e(that)h(the)g(following)e Fm(.names)j
Fu(constructs)f(apply)f(to)h(the)g(external)g(don')o(t)f(care)j(network.)21
785 y Fm(output)c Fu(is)i(a)h(string)e(giving)g(the)h(name)h(of)f(the)g
(primary)g(output)e(for)i(which)g(the)g(conditions)e(are)j(don')o(t)f(cares.)
21 866 y Fm(in-1,)f(in-2,)h(...)16 b(in-n)8 b Fu(are)j(strings)e(giving)f
(the)i(names)h(of)f(the)g(primary)f(inputs)g(which)g(the)h(don')o(t)f(care)i
(conditions)d(are)j(expressed)g(in)104 916 y(terms)f(of.)21
997 y Fm(single-output-cover)i Fu(is)j(an)g(n-input,)f(1-output)e(PLA)j
(description)e(of)h(the)g(logic)g(function)f(corresponding)g(to)h(the)g(don')
o(t)g(care)104 1047 y(conditions)8 b(for)i(the)g(output.)62
1124 y(The)h(following)d(is)i(an)h(example)g(circuit)e(with)g(external)h
(don')o(t)g(cares:)90 1190 y Fa(.model)25 b(a)90 1227 y(.inputs)g(x)e(y)90
1263 y(.outputs)i(j)90 1300 y(.subckt)g(b)e(x=x)g(y=y)h(j=j)90
1336 y(.exdc)90 1373 y(.names)h(x)d(j)90 1409 y(1)g(1)90 1446
y(.end)90 1519 y(.model)j(b)90 1556 y(.inputs)g(x)e(y)90 1592
y(.outputs)i(j)90 1629 y(.names)g(x)d(y)h(j)90 1665 y(11)g(1)90
1702 y(.end)62 1767 y Fu(The)11 b(translation)e(of)h(the)g(above)g(example)h
(into)e(a)i(sum-of-products)e(notation)f(would)i(be)g(as)h(follows:)90
1833 y Fa(j)22 b(=)h(x)g(*)g(y;)90 1870 y(external)i(d.c.)f(for)g(j)f(=)g(x;)
0 2009 y Fv(4)58 b(Flip)15 b(\257ops)g(and)g(latches)0 2101
y Fu(A)e Fm(generic-latch)f Fu(is)h(used)g(to)g(create)h(a)f(delay)g(element)
h(in)e(a)i(model.)23 b(It)12 b(represents)i(one)f(bit)f(of)g(memory)i(or)e
(state)i(information.)0 2151 y(The)f Fm(generic-latch)e Fu(construct)g(can)i
(be)f(used)g(to)f(create)i(any)f(type)g(of)f(latch)h(or)g(\257ip-\257op)e
(\(see)j(also)f(the)g Fm(library-gate)e Fu(section\).)20 b(A)0
2201 y Fm(generic-latch)10 b Fu(is)g(declared)h(as)g(follows:)90
2274 y Fa(.latch)25 b(<input>)g(<output>)h([<type>)f(<control>)q(])h
([<init-val)q(>])21 2361 y Fm(input)8 b Fu(is)j(the)f(data)g(input)f(to)h
(the)g(latch.)21 2442 y Fm(output)e Fu(is)i(the)g(output)f(of)h(the)g(latch.)
21 2523 y Fm(type)i Fu(is)g(one)f(of)h Ff(f)p Fu(fe,)h(re,)g(ah,)g(al,)f(as)p
Ff(g)p Fu(,)i(which)d(correspond)g(to)h(\252falling)e(edge,\272)k(\252rising)
d(edge,\272)j(\252active)e(high,\272)g(\252active)h(low)m(,\272)f(or)104
2573 y(\252asynchronous.\272)21 2654 y Fm(contr)n(ol)d Fu(is)g(the)h
(clocking)f(signal)g(for)g(the)g(latch.)15 b(It)10 b(can)g(be)g(a)g
Fm(.clock)h Fu(of)e(the)h(model,)g(the)f(output)f(of)i(any)g(function)e(in)h
(the)g(model,)h(or)104 2704 y(the)g(word)g(\252NIL)l(\272)h(for)f(no)g
(clock.)954 2828 y(35)p eop
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bop 21 195 a Fm(init-val)13 b Fu(is)h(the)h(initial)d(state)j(of)g(the)f
(latch,)i(which)f(can)g(be)g(one)g(of)g Ff(f)p Fu(0,)g(1,)i(2,)f(3)p
Ff(g)p Fu(.)28 b(\2522\272)16 b(stands)e(for)g(\252don')o(t)h(care\272)h(and)
f(\2523\272)g(is)104 245 y(\252unknown.\272)g(Unspeci\256ed,)c(it)e(is)h
(assumed)h(\2523.\272)62 336 y(If)g(a)h(latch)f(does)g(not)f(have)i(a)f
(controlling)e(clock)i(speci\256ed,)h(it)f(is)f(assumed)j(that)d(it)g(is)h
(actually)g(controlled)e(by)i(a)h(single)e(global)0 386 y(clock.)15
b(The)c(behavior)e(of)h(this)f(global)g(clock)h(may)g(be)h(interpreted)e(dif)
o(ferently)f(by)i(the)g(various)f(algorithms)g(that)g(may)i(manipulate)0
436 y(the)i(model)g(after)g(the)g(model)g(has)h(been)f(read)h(in.)23
b(Therefore,)15 b(the)e(user)h(should)d(be)j(aware)g(of)f(these)h(varying)e
(interpretations)f(if)0 486 y(latches)g(are)g(speci\256ed)g(with)e(no)h
(controlling)d(clocks.)62 535 y Fr(Important)p Fu(:)19 b(All)12
b(feedback)i(loops)e(in)g(a)h(model)g(must)f(go)g(through)f(a)j
Fm(generic-latch)p Fu(.)22 b(Purely)12 b(combinational-logic)e(cycles)0
585 y(are)h(not)e(allowed.)62 622 y(Examples:)90 692 y Fa(.inputs)25
b(d)292 b(#)23 b(a)f(clocked)k(flip-flop)90 728 y(.output)f(q)90
765 y(.clock)g(c)90 801 y(.latch)g(d)d(q)h(re)g(c)g(0)90 838
y(.end)90 911 y(.inputs)i(in)270 b(#)23 b(a)f(very)j(simple)f(sequenti)q(al)i
(circuit)90 947 y(.outputs)f(out)90 984 y(.latch)g(out)e(in)g(0)90
1020 y(.names)i(in)e(out)90 1057 y(0)f(1)90 1093 y(.end)0 1233
y Fv(5)58 b(Library)15 b(Gates)0 1326 y Fu(A)d Fm(library-gate)e
Fu(creates)k(an)e(instance)g(of)f(a)h(technology-dependent)e(logic)h(gate)h
(and)g(associates)h(it)e(with)g(a)h(node)g(that)f(represents)0
1376 y(the)e(output)f(of)h(the)g(logic)f(gate.)16 b(The)10
b(logic)e(function)g(of)h(the)g(gate)h(and)f(its)g(known)f(technology)g
(dependent)h(delays,)h(drives,)g(etc.)15 b(are)0 1425 y(stored)10
b(with)f(the)h Fm(library-gate)p Fu(.)k(A)c Fm(library-gate)f
Fu(is)i(one)f(of)g(the)g(following:)90 1503 y Fa(.gate)24 b(<name>)h
(<formal-a)q(ct)q(ual)q(-l)q(is)q(t>)90 1540 y(.mlatch)g(<name>)g(<formal-a)q
(ctu)q(al)q(-l)q(ist)q(>)h(<control>)g([<init-va)q(l>])21 1631
y Fm(name)10 b Fu(is)h(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)f Fm(.gate)h Fu(or)f
Fm(.mlatch)g Fu(to)g(instantiate.)16 b(A)11 b(gate)g(or)f(latch)g(with)g
(this)g(name)i(must)e(be)h(present)g(in)f(the)g(current)104
1681 y(working)f(library)m(.)21 1764 y Fm(formal-actual-l)o(ist)h
Fu(is)i(a)i(mapping)e(between)i(the)f(formal)f(parameters)i(of)f
Fm(name)g Fu(\(the)g(terminals)f(of)h(the)g Fm(library-gate)p
Fu(\))e(and)i(the)104 1814 y(actual)i(parameters)h(of)e(the)h(current)g
(model)f(\(any)h(signals)f(in)h(this)f(model\).)28 b(The)16
b(format)e(for)h(a)g Fm(formal-actual-li)o(st)d Fu(is)j(a)104
1864 y(white-space-separated)c(sequence)g(of)f(assignment)h(statements)f(of)g
(the)g(form:)104 1958 y Fa(formal1=a)q(ctu)q(al)q(1)25 b(formal2=)q(ac)q(tua)
q(l2)h(...)104 2066 y Fu(All)10 b(of)h(the)h(formal)f(parameters)h(of)f
Fm(name)h Fu(must)f(be)h(speci\256ed)g(in)f(the)g Fm(formal-actual-l)o(ist)d
Fu(and)k(the)f(single)f(output)g(of)h Fm(name)104 2116 y Fu(must)f(be)g(the)h
(last)f(one)g(in)g(the)g(list.)21 2199 y Fm(contr)n(ol)g Fu(is)g(the)h
(clocking)f(signal)g(for)g(the)g(mlatch,)h(which)g(can)g(be)g(either)f(a)i
Fm(.clock)f Fu(of)g(the)f(model,)h(the)g(output)e(of)h(any)h(function)e(in)
104 2249 y(the)h(model,)g(or)g(the)g(word)g(\252NIL)l(\272)i(for)e(no)f
(clock.)21 2332 y Fm(init-val)i Fu(is)j(the)f(initial)f(state)h(of)h(the)f
(mlatch,)i(which)e(can)h(be)g(one)g(of)f Ff(f)p Fu(0,)h(1,)h(2,)g(3)p
Ff(g)p Fu(.)24 b(\2522\272)15 b(stands)e(for)g(\252don')o(t)g(care\272)i(and)
f(\2523\272)g(is)104 2382 y(\252unknown.\272)h(Unspeci\256ed,)c(it)e(is)h
(assumed)h(\2523.\272)62 2473 y(A)i Fm(.gate)f Fu(refers)h(to)e(a)i
(two-level)e(representation)h(of)g(an)g(arbitrary)g(input,)f(single)h(output)
e(gate)j(in)f(a)g(library)m(.)21 b(A)12 b Fm(.gate)g Fu(appears)0
2523 y(under)e(a)h(technology-independent)c(interpretation)h(as)j(if)f(it)f
(were)j(a)e(single)g Fm(logic-gate)p Fu(.)62 2573 y(A)15 b
Fm(.mlatch)g Fu(refers)g(to)g(a)g(latch)g(\(not)f(necessarily)h(a)h(D)f
(\257ip)f(\257op\))g(in)h(a)g(library)m(.)28 b(A)15 b Fm(.mlatch)g
Fu(appears)h(under)e(a)i(technology-)0 2623 y(independent)8
b(interpretation)g(as)i(if)f(it)f(were)j(a)f(single)e Fm(generic-latch)h
Fu(and)h(possibly)e(a)i(single)f Fm(logic-gate)e Fu(feeding)i(the)h(data)g
(input)d(of)0 2672 y(that)j Fm(generic-latch)p Fu(.)954 2828
y(36)p eop
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bop 62 195 a Fm(.gate)p Fu(s)12 b(and)f Fm(.mlatch)p Fu(es)h(are)g(used)f(to)
g(describe)h(circuits)f(that)f(have)i(been)g(implemented)f(using)g(a)h
(speci\256c)g(library)e(of)h(standard)0 245 y(logic)f(functions)g(and)h
(their)f(technology-dependent)f(properties.)17 b(The)12 b(library)d(of)i
Fm(library-gate)p Fu(s)f(must)h(be)g(read)h(in)e(before)h(a)h
Fs(BLIF)0 295 y Fu(\256le)e(containing)f Fm(.gate)h Fu(or)g
Fm(.mlatch)g Fu(constructs)g(is)g(read)h(in.)62 336 y(The)h(string)d
Fm(name)i Fu(refers)g(to)f(a)h(particular)f(gate)h(or)f(latch)h(in)f(the)g
(library)m(.)16 b(The)11 b(names)h(\252nand2,\272)g(\252inv)m(,\272)f(and)g
(\252jk)p 1731 336 13 2 v 15 w(rising)p 1842 336 V 13 w(edge\272)0
377 y(in)f(the)g(following)e(examples)j(are)g(descriptive)e(names)j(for)e
(gates)g(in)g(the)g(library)m(.)k(The)d(following)d Fs(BLIF)j
Fu(description:)90 446 y Fa(.inputs)25 b(v1)e(v2)90 482 y(.outputs)i(j)90
519 y(.gate)f(nand2)h(A=v1)f(B=v2)g(O=x)46 b(#)23 b(given:)i(formals)g(of)e
(this)h(gate)g(are)g(A,)f(B,)h(O)90 556 y(.gate)g(inv)g(A=x)f(O=j)226
b(#)23 b(given:)i(formals)g(of)e(this)h(gate)g(are)g(A)f(&)g(O)90
592 y(.end)0 661 y Fu(could)12 b(also)g(be)h(speci\256ed)g(in)f(a)h
(technology-independent)d(way)j(\(assuming)f(\252nand2\272)h(is)f(a)h
(2-input)d Fs(NAND)j Fu(gate)g(and)f(\252inv\272)h(is)f(an)0
702 y Fs(INVER)n(TER)p Fu(\))f(as)g(follows:)90 771 y Fa(.inputs)25
b(v1)e(v2)90 808 y(.outputs)i(j)90 844 y(.names)g(v1)e(v2)g(x)90
881 y(0-)g(1)90 917 y(-0)g(1)90 954 y(.names)i(x)d(j)90 990
y(0)g(1)90 1027 y(.end)0 1096 y Fu(Similarly:)90 1165 y Fa(.inputs)j(j)e
(kbar)90 1201 y(.outputs)i(out)90 1238 y(.clock)g(clk)90 1274
y(.mlatch)g(jk_rising)q(_e)q(dge)h(J=j)e(K=k)g(Q=q)f(clk)h(1)68
b(#)22 b(given:)j(formals)h(are)d(J,)h(K,)f(Q)90 1311 y(.names)i(q)d(out)90
1347 y(0)g(1)90 1384 y(.names)j(kbar)f(k)90 1420 y(0)e(1)90
1457 y(.end)0 1526 y Fu(could)11 b(have)g(been)h(speci\256ed)g(in)e(a)i
(technology-independent)d(way)i(\(assuming)g(\252jk)p 1243
1526 V 15 w(rising)p 1354 1526 V 13 w(edge\272)h(is)f(a)h(JK)g
(rising-edge-triggered)0 1567 y(\257ip)e(\257op\))g(as)h(follows:)90
1636 y Fa(.inputs)25 b(j)e(kbar)90 1672 y(.outputs)i(out)90
1709 y(.clock)g(clk)90 1745 y(.latch)g(temp)f(q)e(re)i(clk)f(1)113
b(#)23 b(the)g(.latch)90 1782 y(.names)i(j)d(k)h(q)g(temp)226
b(#)23 b(the)g(.names)i(feeding)h(the)d(D)g(input)i(of)e(the)h(.latch)90
1818 y(-01)f(1)90 1855 y(1-0)g(1)90 1891 y(.names)i(q)d(out)90
1928 y(0)g(1)90 1964 y(.names)j(kbar)f(k)90 2001 y(0)e(1)90
2038 y(.end)0 2177 y Fv(6)58 b(Model)15 b(\(subcir)o(cuit\))h(r)o(efer)o
(ences)0 2263 y Fu(A)10 b Fm(model-r)n(efer)n(ence)h Fu(is)f(used)g(to)f
(insert)g(the)g(logic)g(functions)f(of)i(one)f(model)h(into)e(the)i(body)f
(of)g(another)n(.)14 b(It)9 b(is)h(de\256ned)g(as)g(follows:)90
2331 y Fa(.subckt)25 b(<model-na)q(me)q(>)g(<formal-)q(ac)q(tua)q(l-)q(lis)q
(t>)21 2422 y Fm(model-name)9 b Fu(is)g(a)i(string)d(giving)g(the)h(name)i
(of)f(the)f(model)h(being)f(inserted.)14 b(It)9 b(need)i(not)e(be)h
(previously)e(de\256ned)i(in)f(this)g(\256le,)h(but)104 2472
y(should)h(be)i(de\256ned)g(somewhere)h(in)e(either)g(this)f(\256le,)j(a)f
Fm(.sear)n(ch)h Fu(\256le,)g(or)e(a)i(master)f(\256le)g(that)f(is)g
Fm(.sear)n(ch)p Fu(ing)h(this)f(\256le.)22 b(\(see)104 2521
y Fm(.sear)n(ch)12 b Fu(below\))21 2604 y Fm(formal-actual-l)o(ist)6
b Fu(is)j(a)g(mapping)g(between)g(the)g(formal)g(terminals)f(\(the)h
Fm(decl-input-list,)e(decl-output-list)o(,)g Fu(and)i Fm(decl-clock-list)p
Fu(\))104 2654 y(of)h(the)h(called)f(model)h Fm(model-name)f
Fu(and)g(the)h(actual)g(parameters)h(of)e(the)g(current)h(model.)16
b(The)11 b(actual)g(parameters)h(may)f(be)104 2704 y(any)f(signals)g(in)f
(the)i(current)f(model.)15 b(The)c(format)f(for)f(a)i Fm(formal-actual-li)o
(st)c Fu(is)k(the)f(same)h(as)g(its)f(format)g(in)g(a)g Fm(library-gate)p
Fu(.)954 2828 y(37)p eop
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bop 62 195 a Fu(A)16 b Fm(.subckt)g Fu(construct)e(can)i(be)g(viewed)f(as)h
(creating)g(a)f(copy)h(of)f(the)g(logic)f(functions)g(of)h(the)h(called)f
(model)g Fm(model-name)p Fu(,)0 245 y(including)8 b(all)i(of)f
Fm(model-name)p Fu(')n(s)g Fm(generic-latch)p Fu(es,)i(in)e(the)h(calling)f
(model.)15 b(The)c(hierarchical)f(nature)g(of)g(the)g Fs(BLIF)h
Fu(description)d(of)0 295 y(the)k(model)g(does)h(not)f(have)g(to)g(be)h
(preserved.)22 b(Subcircuits)11 b(can)i(be)g(nested,)g(but)f(cannot)g(be)h
(self-referential)e(or)h(create)i(a)f(cyclic)0 345 y(dependency)m(.)62
394 y(Unlike)d(a)g Fm(library-gate)p Fu(,)g(a)h Fm(model-r)n(efer)n(ence)h
Fu(is)e(not)f(limited)g(to)h(one)g(output.)62 444 y(The)j(formals)f(need)g
(not)f(be)i(speci\256ed)f(in)g(the)g(same)h(order)f(as)g(they)g(are)h
(de\256ned)f(in)f(the)h Fm(decl-input-list,)e(decl-output-list,)f
Fu(or)0 494 y Fm(decl-clock-list)p Fu(;)f(elements)i(of)f(the)g(lists)f(can)h
(be)h(intermingled)d(in)h(any)i(order)n(,)f(provided)f(the)h(names)h(are)g
(given)e(correctly)m(.)15 b(W)m(arning)0 544 y(messages)h(are)e(printed)e(if)
i(elements)g(of)f(the)h Fm(decl-input-list)d Fu(or)i Fm(decl-clock-list)g
Fu(are)i(not)d(driven)h(by)h(an)g(actual)f(parameter)i(or)f(if)0
594 y(elements)9 b(of)f(the)g Fm(decl-output-list)e Fu(do)i(not)f(fan)i(out)e
(to)h(an)h(actual)f(parameter)n(.)16 b(Elements)9 b(of)f(the)g
Fm(decl-clock-list)g Fu(and)g Fm(decl-input-list)0 643 y Fu(may)j(be)f
(driven)g(by)g(any)g(logic)f(function)g(of)h(the)g(calling)g(model.)62
685 y(Example:)27 b(rather)16 b(than)f(rewriting)g(the)h(entire)f
Fs(BLIF)i Fu(description)e(for)g(a)i(commonly)f(used)g(subcircuit)f(several)h
(times,)i(the)0 726 y(subcircuit)9 b(can)i(be)g(described)f(once)h(and)f
(called)h(as)g(many)f(times)h(as)g(necessary:)90 795 y Fa(.model)25
b(4bitadder)90 832 y(.inputs)g(A3)e(A2)g(A1)h(A0)f(B3)g(B2)g(B1)h(B0)f(CIN)90
868 y(.outputs)i(COUT)f(S3)g(S2)f(S1)g(S0)90 905 y(.subckt)i(fulladder)h
(a=A0)e(b=B0)g(cin=CIN)115 b(s=S0)24 b(cout=CAR)q(RY)q(1)90
942 y(.subckt)h(fulladder)h(a=A3)e(b=B3)g(cin=CARR)q(Y3)48
b(s=S3)24 b(cout=COU)q(T)90 978 y(.subckt)h(fulladder)h(b=B1)e(a=A1)g
(cin=CARR)q(Y1)48 b(s=XX)24 b(cout=CAR)q(RY)q(2)90 1015 y(.subckt)h
(fulladder)h(a=JJ)e(b=B2)g(cin=CARR)q(Y2)48 b(s=S2)24 b(cout=CAR)q(RY)q(3)493
1051 y(#)f(for)h(the)f(sake)h(of)g(example,)90 1088 y(.names)h(XX)e(S1)135
b(#)23 b(formal)i(output)g(`s')e(does)i(not)e(fanout)i(to)e(a)g(primary)j
(output)90 1124 y(1)c(1)90 1161 y(.names)j(A2)e(JJ)135 b(#)23
b(formal)i(input)f(`a')g(does)g(not)g(fanin)g(from)g(a)f(primary)j(input)90
1197 y(1)c(1)90 1234 y(.end)90 1307 y(.model)j(fulladder)90
1343 y(.inputs)g(a)e(b)g(cin)90 1380 y(.outputs)i(s)e(cout)90
1416 y(.names)i(a)d(b)h(k)90 1453 y(10)g(1)90 1490 y(01)g(1)90
1526 y(.names)i(k)d(cin)i(s)90 1563 y(10)f(1)90 1599 y(01)g(1)90
1636 y(.names)i(a)d(b)h(cin)h(cout)90 1672 y(11-)f(1)90 1709
y(1-1)g(1)90 1745 y(-11)g(1)90 1782 y(.end)0 1922 y Fv(7)58
b(Sub\256le)16 b(Refer)o(ences)0 2001 y Fu(A)10 b Fm(sub\256le-r)n(efer)n
(ence)j Fu(is:)90 2071 y Fa(.search)25 b(<file-nam)q(e>)21
2162 y Fm(\256le-name)10 b Fu(gives)g(the)g(name)h(of)f(the)g(\256le)g(to)g
(search.)62 2253 y(A)g Fm(sub\256le-r)n(efer)n(ence)h Fu(directs)f(the)f
Fs(BLIF)i Fu(reader)f(to)f(read)h(in)f(and)h(de\256ne)g(all)f(the)h(models)f
(in)g(\256le)h Fm(\256le-name)p Fu(.)k(A)c Fm(sub\256le-r)n(efer)n(ence)0
2303 y Fu(does)g(not)g(have)h(to)e(be)i(inside)e(of)h(a)h Fm(.model)p
Fu(.)k Fm(sub\256le-r)n(efer)n(ence)p Fu(s)e(can)e(be)f(nested.)62
2353 y(Search)i(\256les)f(would)e(usually)g(be)i(used)g(to)f(hold)f(all)h
(the)g(subcircuits)g(referred)h(to)f(in)g Fm(model-r)n(efer)n(ence)p
Fu(s,)j(while)c(the)i(master)g(\256le)0 2403 y(merely)g(searches)h(all)e(the)
g(sub\256les)g(and)g(instantiates)f(all)h(the)g(subcircuits)g(it)f(needs.)62
2452 y(A)15 b Fm(sub\256le-r)n(efer)n(ence)i Fu(is)e(not)f(equivalent)h(to)f
(including)f(the)i(body)f(of)h(sub\256le)g Fm(\256le-name)f
Fu(in)h(the)g(current)f(\256le.)30 b(It)15 b(does)g(not)0 2502
y(patch)g(fragments)g(of)f Fs(BLIF)i Fu(into)d(the)i(current)f(\256le;)j(it)d
(pauses)i(reading)e(the)h(current)f(\256le,)i(reads)g Fm(\256le-name)e
Fu(as)i(an)f(independent,)0 2552 y(self-contained)10 b(\256le,)g(then)g
(returns)g(to)g(reading)f(the)i(current)e(\256le.)62 2602 y(The)j(\256rst)g
Fm(.model)f Fu(in)g(the)g(master)i(\256le)e(is)h(always)f(the)h(one)f
(returned)g(to)g(the)g(user)n(,)i(regardless)f(of)f(any)h Fm(sub\256le-r)n
(efer)n(ence)p Fu(s)i(than)0 2652 y(may)d(precede)g(it.)954
2828 y(38)p eop
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bop 0 195 a Fv(8)58 b(Finite)15 b(State)g(Machine)g(Descriptions)0
283 y Fu(A)c(sequential)f(circuit)g(can)i(be)f(speci\256ed)h(in)e
Fs(BLIF)i Fu(logic)e(form,)h(as)h(a)f(\256nite)f(state)i(machine,)g(or)e
(both.)16 b(An)11 b Fm(fsm-description)e Fu(is)i(used)0 324
y(to)f(insert)g(a)i(\256nite)e(state)h(machine)g(description)f(of)g(the)h
(current)f(model.)17 b(It)10 b(is)h(intended)f(to)g(represent)h(the)g(same)h
(sequential)e(circuit)0 366 y(as)h(the)f(current)g(model)g(\(which)g
(contains)g(logic\),)f(but)h(in)f(FSM)i(form.)k(The)c(format)f(of)g(an)g
Fm(fsm-description)f Fu(is:)90 433 y Fa(.start_kis)q(s)90 470
y(.i)23 b(<num-inpu)q(ts>)90 506 y(.o)g(<num-outp)q(uts)q(>)90
543 y([.p)g(<num-ter)q(ms>)q(])90 579 y([.s)g(<num-sta)q(tes)q(>])90
616 y([.r)g(<reset-s)q(tat)q(e>)q(])90 652 y(<input>)i(<current-)q(st)q(ate)q
(>)h(<next-stat)q(e>)g(<output>)314 689 y(.)314 726 y(.)314
762 y(.)90 799 y(<input>)f(<current-)q(st)q(ate)q(>)h(<next-stat)q(e>)g
(<output>)90 835 y(.end_kiss)90 872 y([.latch_or)q(de)q(r)f(<latch-o)q(rd)q
(er-)q(li)q(st)q(>])90 908 y([<code-map)q(pi)q(ng>)q(])21 997
y Fm(num-inputs)7 b Fu(is)i(the)g(number)g(of)g(inputs)f(to)h(the)g(FSM,)h
(which)f(should)f(agree)i(with)e(the)i(number)f(of)g(inputs)f(in)g(the)i
Fm(.inputs)e Fu(construct)104 1047 y(for)i(the)g(current)g(model.)21
1129 y Fm(num-outputs)h Fu(is)i(the)g(number)g(of)g(outputs)f(of)h(the)g
(FSM,)h(which)f(should)f(agree)i(with)e(the)i(number)f(of)g(outputs)f(in)g
(the)h Fm(.outputs)104 1178 y Fu(construct)c(for)h(the)g(current)g(model.)21
1260 y Fm(num-terms)17 b Fu(is)g(the)g(number)h(of)f(\252)p
Fe(<)p Fu(input)p Fe(>)f(<)p Fu(current-state)p Fe(>)g(<)p
Fu(next-state)p Fe(>)h(<)p Fu(output)p Fe(>)p Fu(\272)f(4-tuples)g(that)h
(follow)f(in)h(the)g(FSM)104 1310 y(description.)21 1392 y
Fm(num-states)9 b Fu(is)h(the)g(number)g(of)g(distinct)f(states)i(that)e
(appear)i(in)f(\252)p Fe(<)p Fu(current-state)p Fe(>)p Fu(\272)g(and)h(\252)p
Fe(<)p Fu(next-state)p Fe(>)p Fu(\272)f(columns.)21 1474 y
Fm(r)n(eset-state)g Fu(is)g(the)f(symbolic)h(name)h(for)e(the)h(reset)g
(state)g(for)f(the)h(FSM;)g(it)f(should)f(appear)j(somewhere)g(in)e(the)h
(\252)p Fe(<)p Fu(current-state)p Fe(>)p Fu(\272)104 1524 y(column.)21
1606 y Fm(input)e Fu(is)j(a)f(sequence)i(of)e Fm(num-inputs)e
Fu(members)k(of)e Ff(f)p Fu(0,)g(1,)g(\261)p Ff(g)p Fu(.)21
1688 y Fm(output)e Fu(is)i(a)h(sequence)h(of)e Fm(num-outputs)e
Fu(members)j(of)f Ff(f)p Fu(0,)g(1,)h(\261)p Ff(g)p Fu(.)21
1770 y Fm(curr)n(ent-state)f Fu(and)g Fm(next-state)g Fu(are)h(symbolic)f
(names)h(for)f(the)g(current)g(state)h(and)f(next)g(state)g(transitions)f(of)
g(the)i(FSM.)21 1851 y Fm(latch-or)n(der)o(-list)d Fu(is)j(a)f
(white-space-separated)i(sequence)f(of)f(latch)g(outputs.)21
1925 y Fm(code-mapping)f Fu(is)h(newline)f(separated)j(sequence)f(of:)104
2009 y Fa(.code)24 b(<symboli)q(c-n)q(am)q(e>)i(<encoded-)q(na)q(me>)62
2106 y Fm(num-terms)12 b Fu(and)f Fm(num-states)g Fu(do)g(not)g(have)h(to)f
(be)h(speci\256ed.)20 b(If)11 b(the)h Fm(r)n(eset-state)g Fu(is)f(not)g
(given,)h(it)f(is)g(assigned)h(to)f(be)h(the)f(\256rst)0 2156
y(state)f(encountered)h(in)e(the)h(\252)p Fe(<)p Fu(current-state)p
Fe(>)p Fu(\272)h(column.)62 2205 y(The)f(ordering)e(of)h(the)h(bits)e(in)h
(the)g Fm(input)f Fu(and)h Fm(output)f Fu(\256elds)h(will)f(be)i(the)f(same)h
(as)h(the)e(ordering)f(of)h(the)g(variables)g(in)g(the)g Fm(.inputs)0
2255 y Fu(and)h Fm(.outputs)f Fu(constructs)h(if)g(both)f(an)i
Fm(fsm-description)d Fu(and)i(logic)g(functions)f(are)i(given.)62
2305 y Fm(latch-or)n(der)o(-list)h Fu(and)h Fm(code-mapping)f
Fu(are)j(meant)f(to)e(be)i(used)g(when)f(both)f(an)i Fm(fsm-description)e
Fu(and)h(a)h(logical)f(description)0 2355 y(of)i(the)f(model)h(are)h(given.)
29 b(The)15 b(two)g(constructs)f(together)g(provide)g(a)i(correspondence)f
(between)h(the)e(latches)i(in)e(the)h(logical)0 2405 y(description)10
b(and)i(the)g(state)g(variables)g(in)f(the)h Fm(fsm-description)p
Fu(.)19 b(In)11 b(a)i Fm(code-mapping)p Fu(,)e Fm(symbolic-name)g
Fu(consists)h(of)f(a)i(symbolic)0 2455 y(name)i(from)f(the)g(\252)p
Fe(<)p Fu(current-state)p Fe(>)p Fu(\272)g(or)f(\252)p Fe(<)p
Fu(next-state)p Fe(>)p Fu(\272)i(columns,)g(and)f Fm(encoded-name)g
Fu(is)g(the)f(pattern)h(of)g(bits)f(\()p Ff(f)p Fu(0,)h(1)p
Ff(g)p Fu(\))g(that)0 2504 y(represent)f(the)f(state)g(encoding)g(for)f
Fm(symbolic-name)p Fu(.)21 b(The)13 b Fm(code-mapping)e Fu(should)g(only)g
(be)i(given)e(if)h(both)f(an)i Fm(fsm-description)0 2554 y
Fu(and)j(logic)g(functions)f(are)i(given.)33 b Fm(.latch-or)n(der)16
b Fu(establishes)g(a)h(mapping)f(between)h(the)f(bits)f(of)h(the)h
Fm(encoded-name)p Fu(s)f(of)g(the)0 2604 y Fm(code-mapping)10
b Fu(construct)h(and)g(the)h(latches)f(of)h(the)f(network.)18
b(The)12 b(order)f(of)g(the)g(bits)g(in)g(the)g(encoded)h(names)h(will)d(be)h
(the)h(same)0 2654 y(as)f(the)f(order)g(of)g(the)h(latch)f(outputs)f(in)g
(the)i Fm(latch-or)n(der)o(-list)p Fu(.)j(There)d(should)e(be)i(the)f(same)i
(number)e(of)g(bits)g(in)g(the)g Fm(encoded-name)0 2704 y Fu(as)h(there)f
(are)h(latches)g(if)f(both)f(an)i Fm(fsm-description)d Fu(and)i(a)h(logical)f
(description)f(are)i(speci\256ed.)954 2828 y(39)p eop
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bop 62 195 a Fu(If)12 b(both)e Fm(logic-gate)p Fu(s)g(and)i(an)g
Fm(fsm-description)e Fu(of)h(the)g(model)h(are)g(given,)g(the)f
Fm(logic-gate)f Fu(description)g(of)h(the)h(model)f(should)0
245 y(be)h(consistent)f(with)g(the)h Fm(fsm-description)p Fu(,)f(that)h(is,)g
(they)g(should)f(describe)h(the)g(same)h(circuit.)20 b(If)11
b(they)h(are)h(not)e(consistent)g(there)0 295 y(will)e(be)i(no)e(sensible)i
(way)f(to)g(interpret)f(the)h(model,)g(which)g(should)f(then)h(cause)i(an)e
(error)g(to)g(be)h(returned.)62 345 y(If)h(only)e(the)i Fm(fsm-description)e
Fu(of)i(the)f(network)g(is)h(given,)g(it)f(may)h(be)g(run)f(through)f(a)j
(state)e(assignment)h(routine)f(and)g(given)h(a)0 394 y(logic)d
(implementation.)14 b(A)c(sole)g Fm(fsm-description)p Fu(,)f(having)h(no)f
(logic)h(implementation,)f(cannot)h(be)g(inserted)g(into)f(another)g(model)0
444 y(by)g(a)g Fm(model-r)n(efer)n(ence)p Fu(;)i(the)e(state)g(assigned)g
(network,)g(or)f(a)i(network)e(containing)f(both)h Fm(logic-gate)p
Fu(s)f(and)i(an)h Fm(fsm-description)d Fu(can.)62 486 y(Example)k(of)f(an)h
Fm(fsm-description)p Fu(:)90 555 y Fa(.model)25 b(101)180 b(#)23
b(outputs)i(1)e(whenever)j(last)e(3)f(inputs)i(were)f(1,)f(0,)g(1)90
592 y(.start_kis)q(s)90 628 y(.i)g(1)90 665 y(.o)g(1)90 701
y(0)f(st0)i(st0)g(0)90 738 y(1)e(st0)i(st1)g(0)90 774 y(0)e(st1)i(st2)g(0)90
811 y(1)e(st1)i(st1)g(0)90 847 y(0)e(st2)i(st0)g(0)90 884 y(1)e(st2)i(st3)g
(1)90 920 y(0)e(st3)i(st2)g(0)90 957 y(1)e(st3)i(st1)g(0)90
993 y(.end_kiss)90 1030 y(.end)0 1099 y Fu(Above)10 b(example)h(with)e(a)i
(consistent)e Fm(fsm-description)g Fu(and)h(logical)g(description:)67
1168 y Fa(.model)67 1205 y(.inputs)26 b(v0)67 1241 y(.outputs)g(v3.2)67
1278 y(.latch)92 b([6])24 b(v1)68 b(0)67 1314 y(.latch)92 b([7])24
b(v2)68 b(0)67 1351 y(.start_k)q(iss)67 1387 y(.i)23 b(1)67
1424 y(.o)g(1)67 1460 y(.p)g(8)67 1497 y(.s)g(4)67 1534 y(.r)g(st0)67
1570 y(0)g(st0)h(st0)f(0)67 1607 y(1)g(st0)h(st1)f(0)67 1643
y(0)g(st1)h(st2)f(0)67 1680 y(1)g(st1)h(st1)f(0)67 1716 y(0)g(st2)h(st0)f(0)
67 1753 y(1)g(st2)h(st3)f(1)67 1789 y(0)g(st3)h(st2)f(0)67
1826 y(1)g(st3)h(st1)f(0)67 1862 y(.end_kis)q(s)67 1899 y(.latch_o)q(rde)q(r)
j(v1)d(v2)67 1935 y(.code)i(st0)e(00)67 1972 y(.code)i(st1)e(11)67
2008 y(.code)i(st2)e(01)67 2045 y(.code)i(st3)e(10)67 2081
y(.names)i(v0)e([6])67 2118 y(1)g(1)67 2155 y(.names)i(v0)e(v1)h(v2)f([7])67
2191 y(-1-)h(1)67 2228 y(1-0)g(1)67 2264 y(.names)h(v0)e(v1)h(v2)f(v3.2)67
2301 y(101)h(1)67 2337 y(.end)0 2477 y Fv(9)58 b(Clock)15 b(Constraints)0
2556 y Fu(A)d Fm(clock-constraint)f Fu(is)h(used)g(to)g(set)g(up)g(the)g
(behavior)f(of)h(the)g(simulated)g(clocks,)h(and)f(to)g(specify)g(how)f
(clock)i(events)f(\(rising)e(or)0 2598 y(falling)f(edges\))h(occur)h
(relative)f(to)g(one)g(another)n(.)k(A)d Fm(clock-constraint)e
Fu(is)h(one)g(or)g(more)h(of)f(the)g(following:)90 2667 y Fa(.cycle)25
b(<cycle-tim)q(e>)90 2704 y(.clock_eve)q(nt)h(<event-pe)q(rc)q(ent)q(>)g
(<event-1>)g([<event-2)q(>)f(...)f(<event-n>)q(])954 2828 y
Fu(40)p eop
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bop 21 195 a Fm(cycle-time)12 b Fu(is)f(a)i(\257oating)d(point)g(number)i
(giving)e(the)h(clock)h(cycle)g(time)g(for)f(the)g(model.)20
b(It)11 b(is)g(a)h(unitless)f(number)g(that)g(is)h(to)f(be)104
245 y(interpreted)e(by)h(the)g(user)n(.)21 327 y Fm(event-per)n(cent)19
b Fu(is)e(a)i(\257oating)d(point)h(number)g(representing)g(a)h(percentage)h
(of)f(the)f(clock)h(cycle)g(time)g(at)g(which)f(a)h(speci\256c)104
377 y Fm(.clock)p 203 377 13 2 v 16 w(event)11 b Fu(occurs.)k(Fifty)9
b(percent)i(is)f(written)f(as)i(\25250.0.\272)21 451 y Fm(event-1)f
Fu(through)f Fm(event-n)h Fu(are)h(one)g(of)f(the)g(following:)104
534 y Fa(<rise-fal)q(l>')q(<c)q(loc)q(k-)q(na)q(me>)104 571
y(\(<rise-fa)q(ll>)q('<)q(clo)q(ck)q(-n)q(ame)q(>)26 b(<before>)f(<after>\))
104 668 y Fu(where)10 b Fm(rise-fall)e Fu(is)h(either)g(\252r)r(\272)h(or)f
(\252f)r(\272)h(and)g(stands)f(for)g(the)h(rising)e(or)h(falling)f(edge)i(of)
f(the)g(clock)h(and)f Fm(clock-name)h Fu(is)f(a)h(clock)104
717 y(from)e(the)g Fm(.clock)i Fu(construct.)k(The)9 b(apostrophe)f(between)g
Fm(rise-fall)f Fu(and)i Fm(clock-name)g Fu(is)f(a)h(separator)n(,)h(and)e
(serves)i(no)e(purpose)104 767 y(in)h(and)i(of)f(itself.)21
849 y Fm(befor)n(e)g Fu(and)h Fm(after)e Fu(are)i(\257oating)e(point)f
(numbers)j(in)e(the)h(same)h(\252units\272)f(as)h(the)f Fm(cycle-time)g
Fu(and)g(are)h(used)f(to)g(de\256ne)h(the)e(\252skew\272)j(in)104
899 y(the)f(clock)g(edges.)20 b Fm(befor)n(e)12 b Fu(represents)g(maximum)f
(amount)h(of)f(time)g(before)g(the)h(nominal)e(time)i(that)e(the)i(edge)g
(can)g(arrive;)104 949 y Fm(after)h Fu(represents)i(the)f(maximum)g(amount)g
(of)g(time)g(after)g(the)g(nominal)g(time)g(that)f(the)h(edge)h(can)f
(arrive.)27 b(The)15 b(nominal)104 999 y(time)d(is)f Fm(event-per)n(cent)p
Fe(\045)j Fu(of)d(the)h Fm(cycle-time)p Fu(.)21 b(In)12 b(the)g
(unparenthesized)f(form)h(for)g(the)f Fm(clock-event)p Fu(,)j
Fm(befor)n(e)f Fu(and)f Fm(after)f Fu(are)104 1048 y(assumed)g(\2520.0.\272)
62 1137 y(All)f(events,)h Fm(event-1)g(...)18 b(event-n)p Fu(,)11
b(speci\256ed)g(in)f(a)i(single)d Fm(.clock)p 1016 1137 V 16
w(event)j Fu(are)f(to)f(be)h(linked)f(together)n(.)15 b(A)c(routine)e
(changing)h(any)0 1187 y(one)g(edge)h(should)e(also)h(modify)g(the)g
(occurrence)h(time)f(of)g(all)g(the)g(related)h(clock)f(edges.)62
1228 y(Example)h(1:)90 1296 y Fa(.clock)25 b(clock1)f(clock2)90
1332 y(.clock_eve)q(nt)i(50.0)e(r'clock1)i(\(f'clock2)g(2.0)e(5.0\))62
1406 y Fu(Example)11 b(2:)90 1474 y Fa(.clock)25 b(clock1)f(clock2)90
1510 y(.clock_eve)q(nt)i(50.0)e(r'clock1)90 1547 y(.clock_eve)q(nt)i(50.0)e
(\(f'clock2)i(2.0)e(5.0\))62 1628 y Fu(Both)8 b(examples)i(specify)f(a)g
(nominal)f(time)h(of)g(50)p Fe(\045)f Fu(of)h(the)g(cycle)g(time,)h(that)e
(the)h(rising)e(edge)j(of)e(clock1)h(must)g(occur)g(at)g(exactly)0
1677 y(the)j(nominal)g(time,)h(and)g(that)e(the)i(falling)d(edge)j(of)f
(clock2)h(may)g(occur)f(from)g(2.0)h(units)e(before)i(to)e(5.0)i(units)e
(after)i(the)f(nominal)0 1727 y(time.)62 1777 y(In)f(Example)g(1,)g(if)f(r)r
('clock1)g(is)g(later)h(moved)g(to)f(a)h(dif)o(ferent)f(nominal)g(time)h(by)f
(some)h(routine)f(then)g(f)r('clock2)h(should)e(also)i(be)0
1827 y(changed.)21 b(However)n(,)13 b(in)e(Example)i(2)f(changing)f(r)r
('clock1)g(would)g(not)g(af)o(fect)h(f)r('clock2)g(even)h(though)d(they)h
(originally)f(have)i(the)0 1877 y(same)g(value)e(of)g Fm(event-per)n(cent)p
Fu(.)0 2016 y Fv(10)58 b(Delay)15 b(Constraints)0 2104 y Fu(A)h
Fm(delay-constraint)f Fu(is)h(used)g(to)g(specify)g(parameters)i(to)d(more)i
(accurately)g(compute)f(the)g(amount)g(of)g(time)g(signals)g(take)h(to)0
2146 y(propagate)10 b(from)g(one)g(point)f(to)h(another)g(in)f(a)i(model.)k
(A)c Fm(delay-constraint)d Fu(is)i(one)h(or)f(more)g(of)g(:)90
2213 y Fa(.area)24 b(<area>)90 2250 y(.delay)h(<in-name>)h(<phase>)f(<load>)g
(<max-load)q(>)h(<brise>)f(<drise>)g(<bfall>)h(<dfall>)90 2286
y(.wire_load)q(_s)q(lop)q(e)g(<load>)90 2323 y(.wire)e(<wire-loa)q(d-)q(li)q
(st>)90 2359 y(.input_arr)q(iv)q(al)i(<in-name>)g(<rise>)f(<fall>)g
([<before-)q(aft)q(er)q(>)h(<event>])90 2396 y(.default_i)q(np)q(ut_)q(ar)q
(ri)q(val)g(<rise>)f(<fall>)90 2432 y(.output_re)q(qu)q(ire)q(d)h(<out-name>)
g(<rise>)f(<fall>)g([<before-)q(af)q(te)q(r>)h(<event>])90
2469 y(.default_o)q(ut)q(put)q(_r)q(eq)q(uir)q(ed)g(<rise>)f(<fall>)90
2505 y(.input_dri)q(ve)h(<in-name>)g(<rise>)f(<fall>)90 2542
y(.default_i)q(np)q(ut_)q(dr)q(iv)q(e)g(<rise>)g(<fall>)90
2578 y(.output_lo)q(ad)h(<out-name)q(>)g(<load>)90 2615 y(.default_o)q(ut)q
(put)q(_l)q(oa)q(d)f(<load>)21 2704 y Fm(rise)p Fu(,)11 b Fm(fall)p
Fu(,)e Fm(drive)p Fu(,)i(and)f Fm(load)f Fu(are)j(all)d(\257oating)h(point)e
(numbers)j(giving)d(the)i(rise)h(time,)f(fall)g(time,)g(input)f(drive,)h(and)
h(output)d(load.)954 2828 y(41)p eop
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bop 21 195 a Fm(in-name)9 b Fu(is)h(a)h(primary)f(input)f(and)h
Fm(out-name)f Fu(is)h(a)h(primary)f(output.)21 278 y Fm(befor)n(e-after)17
b Fu(can)h(be)g(one)f(of)g Ff(f)p Fu(b,)i(a)p Ff(g)p Fu(,)h(corresponding)c
(to)g(\252before\272)j(or)e(\252after)n(,\272)j(and)e Fm(event)g
Fu(has)f(the)h(same)g(format)f(as)h(the)104 328 y(unparenthesized)10
b(form)g(of)g Fm(event-1)g Fu(in)g(a)h Fm(clock-constraint)p
Fu(.)21 411 y Fm(.ar)n(ea)g Fu(sets)g(the)f(area)h(of)f(the)g(model)h(to)e
(be)i Fm(ar)n(ea)p Fu(.)21 494 y Fm(.delay)d Fu(sets)h(the)f(delay)h(for)f
(input)e Fm(in-name)p Fu(.)14 b Fm(phase)8 b Fu(is)h(one)f(of)g(\252)p
Fs(INV)p Fu(,\272)i(\252)p Fs(NONINV)p Fu(,\272)g(or)e(\252)p
Fs(UNKNOWN)p Fu(\272)i(for)e(inverting,)f(non-inverting,)104
544 y(or)j(neither)n(.)17 b Fm(max-load)9 b Fu(is)i(a)g(\257oating)f(point)g
(number)g(for)h(the)g(maximum)g(load.)17 b Fm(brise,)11 b(drise,)h(bfall,)d
Fu(and)i Fm(dfall)e Fu(are)j(\257oating)104 594 y(point)d(numbers)h(giving)e
(the)i(block)g(rise,)h(drive)e(rise,)i(block)f(fall,)g(and)g(drive)g(fall)g
(for)f Fm(in-name)p Fu(.)21 677 y Fm(.wir)n(e)p 105 677 13
2 v 15 w(load)p 195 677 V 14 w(slope)h Fu(sets)h(the)f(wire)g(load)g(slope)g
(for)g(the)g(model.)21 760 y Fm(.wir)n(e)h Fu(sets)f(the)h(wire)f(loads)g
(for)f(the)i(model)f(from)g(the)g(list)f(of)h(\257oating)f(point)g(numbers)h
(in)g(the)g Fm(wir)n(e-load-list)p Fu(.)21 843 y Fm(.input)p
120 843 V 13 w(arrival)g Fu(sets)g(the)g(input)f(arrival)h(time)g(for)f(the)h
(input)f Fm(in-name)p Fu(.)14 b(If)c(the)g(optional)e(ar)o(guments)j(are)g
(speci\256ed,)g(then)f(the)g(input)104 892 y(arrival)f(time)i(is)f(relative)g
(to)f(the)h Fm(event)p Fu(.)21 976 y Fm(.output)p 141 976 V
13 w(r)n(equir)n(ed)i Fu(sets)g(the)f(output)e(required)i(time)g(for)g(the)g
(output)e Fm(out-name)p Fu(.)17 b(If)11 b(the)g(optional)f(ar)o(guments)h
(are)h(speci\256ed,)h(then)104 1025 y(the)d(output)e(required)i(time)g(is)g
(relative)g(to)g(the)g Fm(event)p Fu(.)21 1108 y Fm(.input)p
120 1108 V 13 w(drive)h Fu(sets)g(the)f(input)f(drive)g(for)h(the)g(input)f
Fm(in-name)p Fu(.)21 1191 y Fm(.output)p 141 1191 V 13 w(load)g
Fu(sets)i(the)f(output)f(load)g(for)h(the)g(output)f Fm(out-name)p
Fu(.)21 1274 y Fm(.default)p 150 1274 V 13 w(input)p 250 1274
V 14 w(arrival,)k(.default)p 530 1274 V 13 w(output)p 651 1274
V 13 w(r)n(equir)n(ed,)i(.default)p 955 1274 V 14 w(input)p
1056 1274 V 13 w(drive,)f(.default)p 1305 1274 V 14 w(output)p
1427 1274 V 13 w(load)d Fu(set)i(the)g(corresponding)e(de-)104
1324 y(fault)e(values)i(for)e(all)h(the)g(inputs/outputs)d(whose)k(values)f
(are)h(not)e(speci\256cally)i(set.)62 1416 y(There)j(is)g(no)e(actual)i(unit)
e(for)h(all)g(the)g(timing)f(and)h(load)g(numbers.)24 b(Special)14
b(attention)d(should)i(be)g(given)g(when)g(specifying)0 1465
y(and)f(interpreting)d(the)j(values.)20 b(The)12 b(timing)e(numbers)i(are)g
(assumed)h(to)e(be)h(in)f(the)h(same)h(\252unit\272)e(as)i(the)e
Fm(cycle-time)i Fu(in)e(the)g Fm(.cycle)0 1515 y Fu(construct.)954
2828 y(42)p eop
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bop 0 195 a Fv(Appendix)16 b(B)e(:)h(Genlib)g(Format)0 288
y Fu(This)10 b(is)g(a)h(description)e(of)h(the)g Fr(genlib)g
Fu(format)g(which)g(is)g(used)g(to)g(specify)g(library)f(gates)i(in)f
Fs(SIS)p Fu(.)0 427 y Fv(1)58 b(Combinational)17 b(Gate)e(Speci\256cation)0
515 y Fu(A)10 b(cell)h(is)f(speci\256ed)h(in)e(the)h(following)e(format:)0
584 y Fa(GATE)24 b(<cell-nam)q(e>)i(<cell-are)q(a>)g(<cell-log)q(ic)q(-fu)q
(nc)q(ti)q(on>)0 621 y(<pin-info)q(>)90 658 y(.)90 694 y(.)0
731 y(<pin-info)q(>)21 822 y Fm(<cell-name>)10 b Fu(is)g(the)g(name)h(of)f
(the)g(cell)h(in)e(the)h(cell)h(library)m(.)j(The)d(resulting)e(net-list)f
(will)h(be)i(in)f(terms)g(of)g(these)h(names.)21 905 y Fm(<cell-ar)n(ea>)i
Fu(de\256nes)g(the)g(relative)f(area)i(cost)f(of)f(the)g(cell.)23
b(It)12 b(is)h(a)g(\257oating)e(point)h(number)n(,)i(and)e(may)i(be)f(in)f
(any)g(unit)g(system)104 955 y(convenient)d(for)h(the)g(user)n(.)21
1038 y Fm(<cell-logic-function)o(>)d Fu(is)j(an)g(equation)f(written)f(in)i
(conventional)e(algebraic)i(notation)e(using)h(the)h(operators)f('+')h(for)f
(OR,)h('*')f(or)104 1088 y(nothing)e(\(space\))j(for)f(AND,)g('!')14
b(or)9 b(\272')g(\(post-\256xed\))f(for)h(NOT)m(,)h(and)f(parentheses)h(for)e
(grouping.)13 b(The)d(names)g(of)f(the)g(literals)104 1137
y(in)g(the)h(equation)f(de\256ne)h(the)g(input)e(pin)h(names)j(for)d(the)h
(cell;)f(the)h(name)h(on)f(the)f(left)h(hand)f(side)h(of)g(the)g(equation)f
(de\256nes)h(the)104 1187 y(output)e(of)i(the)g(cell.)16 b(The)11
b(equation)e(terminates)h(with)f(a)i(semicolon.)62 1279 y(Only)f
(single-output)f(cells)i(may)g(be)h(speci\256ed.)18 b(The)11
b('!')17 b(operator)11 b(may)g(only)f(be)h(used)g(on)g(the)g(input)e
(literals,)i(or)g(on)f(the)h(\256nal)0 1328 y(output;)d(it)h(is)i(not)e
(allowed)h(internal)f(to)h(an)g(expression.)15 b(\(This)10
b(constraint)f(may)i(disappear)g(in)e(the)h(future\).)62 1378
y(Also,)k(the)e(actual)h(factored)g(form)g(is)g(signi\256cant)e(when)i(a)h
(logic)e(function)f(has)i(multiple)f(factored)h(forms.)22 b(In)13
b(principle,)f(all)0 1428 y(factored)e(forms)g(could)f(be)i(derived)e(for)h
(a)g(given)g(logic)f(function)f(automatically;)h(this)g(is)h(not)f(yet)h
(implemented,)g(so)g(each)h(must)f(be)0 1478 y(speci\256ed)g(separately)m(.)
16 b(Note)9 b(that)g(factored)h(forms)g(which)f(dif)o(fer)g(by)g(a)h
(permutation)f(of)g(the)h(input)e(variables)h(\(or)g(by)h(De)g(Mor)o(gan')n
(s)0 1528 y(law\))g(are)h(not)f(considered)g(unique.)62 1569
y(Each)i Fm(<pin-info>)c Fu(has)i(the)g(format:)0 1676 y Fa(PIN)24
b(<pin-name>)i(<phase>)g(<input-loa)q(d>)g(<max-load)q(>)90
1712 y(<rise-bloc)q(k-)q(del)q(ay)q(>)g(<rise-fano)q(ut)q(-de)q(la)q(y>)90
1749 y(<fall-bloc)q(k-)q(del)q(ay)q(>)g(<fall-fano)q(ut)q(-de)q(la)q(y>)21
1840 y Fm(<pin-name>)15 b Fu(must)h(be)h(the)f(name)i(of)e(a)h(pin)e(in)h
(the)g Fm(<cell-logic-function>)p Fu(,)f(or)h(it)g(can)h(be)g(*)f(to)g
(specify)g(identical)g(timing)104 1890 y(information)8 b(for)i(all)g(pins.)21
1973 y Fm(<phase>)g Fu(is)g(INV)-5 b(,)10 b(NONINV)-5 b(,)10
b(or)g(UNKNOWN)g(corresponding)f(to)h(whether)g(the)g(logic)f(function)g(is)h
(negative-unate,)g(positive-)104 2023 y(unate,)j(or)g(binate)f(in)g(this)f
(input)g(variable)i(respectively)m(.)22 b(This)12 b(is)g(required)g(for)g
(the)h(separate)g(rise-fall)f(delay)h(model.)22 b(\(In)104
2072 y(principle,)9 b(this)g(information)g(is)h(easily)g(derived)g(from)g
(the)g(logic)g(function;)e(this)h(\256eld)h(may)h(disappear)g(in)e(the)h
(future\).)21 2155 y Fm(<input-load>)d Fu(gives)j(the)g(input)f(load)h(of)g
(this)f(pin.)15 b(It)9 b(is)h(a)h(\257oating)e(point)g(value,)i(in)e
(arbitrary)h(units)f(convenient)g(for)h(the)g(user)n(.)21 2238
y Fm(<max-load>)j Fu(speci\256es)j(a)f(loading)e(constraint)g(for)h(the)g
(cell.)28 b(It)14 b(is)g(a)h(\257oating)f(point)e(value)j(specifying)e(the)i
(maximum)g(load)104 2288 y(allowed)10 b(on)f(the)i(output.)21
2371 y Fm(<rise-block-delay>)i Fu(and)g Fm(<rise-fanout-delay>)f
Fu(are)i(the)f(rise-time)g(parameters)i(for)e(the)g(timing)f(model.)24
b(They)14 b(are)g(\257oating)104 2421 y(point)9 b(values,)h(typically)f(in)h
(the)g(units)f(nanoseconds,)i(and)f(nanoseconds/unit-load)e(respectively)m(.)
21 2504 y Fm(<fall-block-delay>)k Fu(and)j Fm(<fall-fanout)o(-delay>)d
Fu(are)j(the)g(fall-time)e(parameters)j(for)e(the)h(timing)e(model.)28
b(They)15 b(are)g(\257oating)104 2554 y(point)9 b(values,)h(typically)f(in)h
(the)g(units)f(nanoseconds,)i(and)f(nanoseconds/unit-load)e(repsectively)m(.)
62 2645 y(All)i(of)g(the)h(delay)f(information)f(is)h(speci\256ed)h(on)g(a)g
(pin-by-pin)d(basis.)16 b(The)11 b(meaning)g(is)f(the)h(delay)f(information)f
(for)h(the)g(most)0 2695 y(critical)g(pin)f(is)h(used)h(to)e(determine)i(the)
f(delay)g(for)g(the)g(gate.)954 2828 y(43)p eop
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bop 0 195 a Fv(2)58 b(Latch)15 b(Speci\256cation)0 282 y Fu(Latches)c(are)h
(speci\256ed)e(as)h(follows:)0 385 y Fa(LATCH)24 b(<cell-na)q(me)q(>)h
(<cell-ar)q(ea)q(>)g(<cell-lo)q(gi)q(c-f)q(un)q(ct)q(ion)q(>)0
421 y(<pin-info)q(>)90 458 y(.)90 494 y(.)0 531 y(<pin-info)q(>)0
567 y(<latch-sp)q(ec)q(>)0 604 y([<clock-d)q(el)q(ay-)q(in)q(fo>)q(])0
640 y([<constra)q(in)q(t-i)q(nf)q(o>])21 726 y Fm(<cell-name>)p
Fu(,)10 b Fm(<cell-ar)n(ea>)p Fu(,)h Fm(<cell-logic-function>)c
Fu(and)k Fm(<pin-info>)d Fu(are)j(the)f(same)h(as)g(in)f(the)g(combinational)
f(case.)21 807 y Fm(<latch-spec>)h Fu(has)g(the)h(following)c(format:)104
896 y Fa(SEQ)23 b(<latch-i)q(np)q(ut>)j(<latch-o)q(utp)q(ut)q(>)g(<latch-typ)
q(e>)104 998 y Fm(<latch-input>)11 b Fu(must)i(be)h(the)f(name)h(of)g(the)f
(output)f(of)h(the)g(cell.)25 b(Thus,)15 b Fm(<latch-input>)10
b Fu(is)k(described)f(as)h(a)g(function)e(of)104 1048 y Fm(<latch-output>)6
b Fu(in)j(the)h Fm(<cell-logic-function)o(>)p Fu(.)i(A)e(special)g(name)g
("ANY")g(can)g(be)g(used)g(for)f Fm(<latch-output>)d Fu(to)j(specify)104
1097 y(to)i(the)h(mapper)h(that)e Fm(<latch-output>)f Fu(needs)i(not)g(be)g
(a)h(signal)e(name)i(in)f(the)f Fm(<cell-logic-function>)p
Fu(.)18 b(This)12 b(is)g(useful)g(for)104 1147 y(describing)7
b(D-type)g(\257ip-\257ops)g(and)h(latches.)15 b Fm(<latch-type>)7
b Fu(can)i(be)g(ACTIVE)p 1272 1147 13 2 v 15 w(HIGH)f(or)f(ACTIVE)p
1593 1147 V 15 w(LOW)i(for)f(transparent)104 1197 y(latches;)g(RISING)p
380 1197 V 14 w(EDGE)g(or)f(F)m(ALLING)p 728 1197 V 15 w(EDGE)h(for)f
(edge-triggered)f(\257ip-\257ops;)h(or)g(ASYNCH)g(for)g(asychronous)f
(latches.)21 1278 y Fm(<clock-delay-info>)i Fu(is)h(necessary)i(for)e
(synchronous)f(latches)i(and)f(\257ip-\257ops.)14 b(It)9 b(gives)g(the)h
(propagation)d(delay)j(from)f(the)g(clock)104 1328 y(pin)g(to)h(the)g
(output.)j(Its)d(format)g(is)g(as)h(follows:)104 1416 y Fa(CONTROL)25
b(<clock-pi)q(n-)q(na)q(me>)h(<input-l)q(oad)q(>)g(<max-load>)193
1453 y(<rise-bl)q(oc)q(k-d)q(el)q(ay)q(>)f(<rise-fa)q(no)q(ut-)q(de)q(lay)q
(>)193 1490 y(<fall-bl)q(oc)q(k-d)q(el)q(ay)q(>)g(<fall-fa)q(no)q(ut-)q(de)q
(lay)q(>)21 1591 y Fm(<constraint-info>)7 b Fu(gives)j(the)g(setup)g(and)g
(hold)g(time)g(constraints)f(with)g(respect)i(to)f(the)g(clock)g(signal.)15
b(The)c(format)f(is:)104 1680 y Fa(CONSTRAIN)q(T)25 b(<pin-nam)q(e>)h
(<setup-ti)q(me)q(>)f(<hold-ti)q(me>)104 1782 y Fu(If)10 b(not)f
(speci\256ed,)j(the)e(values)g(of)g(0.0)g(are)h(assumed.)0
1921 y Fv(3)58 b(Examples)0 2013 y Fr(Example)9 b(0)p 0 2029
188 2 v 10 w Fu(of)h(latch)g(speci\256cation:)0 2094 y Fa(LATCH)24
b("d-latch)q(")i(80)d(Q=D;)0 2131 y(PIN)h(D)e(NONINV)j(1)e(999)h(1)f(.2)g(1)g
(.2)0 2167 y(SEQ)h(Q)e(ANY)i(ACTIVE_HI)q(GH)0 2204 y(CONTROL)h(CLK)f(1)f(999)
g(1)g(.2)h(1)e(.2)0 2240 y(CONSTRAIN)q(T)k(D)c(0.2)i(0.2)0
2327 y Fr(Example)9 b(1)p 0 2342 V 10 w Fu(of)h(<cell-logic-function>:)90
2408 y Fa(O)22 b(=)h(!\(!I1)i(*)e(I2\);)62 2494 y Fu(This)10
b(is)h(legal)f(and)g(de\256nes)h(a)g(NAND)f(gate)g(with)g(1)g(inverted)f
(input;)f(it)i(could)g(also)g(be)g(speci\256ed)h(as)90 2567
y Fa(O)22 b(=)h(I1)h(+)e(!I2;)62 2653 y Fu(There)11 b(is)g(no)e(advantage)i
(or)f(disadvantage)g(to)g(either)g(representation;)f(only)g(one)h(need)h(be)g
(given.)0 2703 y Fr(Example)e(2)p 0 2719 V 10 w Fu(of)h
(<cell-logic-function>:)954 2828 y(44)p eop
%%Page: 45 45
bop 90 195 a Fa(O)22 b(=)h(!\(\(I1)i(*)e(I2\))g(+)g(!\(I3)h(+)f(I4\)\);)62
286 y Fu(is)10 b(incorrectly)g(speci\256ed.)15 b(It)10 b(must)g(be)h
(re-written)e(as)i(either)90 364 y Fa(O)22 b(=)h(!\(\(I1)i(*)e(I2\))g(+)g
(\(!I3)h(*)f(!I4\)\);)62 456 y Fu(or)90 534 y Fa(O)f(=)h(\(!I1)h(+)f
(!I2\)*\(I3)j(+)d(I4\);)62 625 y Fu(Again,)10 b(there)f(is)g(no)f(advantage)i
(or)f(disadvantage)g(to)f(either)h(representation)f(as)i(they)f(dif)o(fer)g
(only)f(by)h(De)g(Mor)o(gan')n(s)g(law)m(.)15 b(Only)0 675
y(one)10 b(need)h(be)g(given.)j(Note)c(that)g(there)g(are)h(no)f(other)g
(factored)g(forms)h(for)e(this)h(equation.)0 725 y Fr(Example)f(3)p
0 740 188 2 v 10 w Fu(of)h(<cell-logic-function>:)90 811 y
Fa(O)22 b(=)h(a*b)h(+)f(a*c)g(+)g(b*c;)62 902 y Fu(This)10
b(is)h(one)f(speci\256cation)g(of)g(a)h(majority)e(gate.)15
b(Another)10 b(possible)f(speci\256cation)h(\(which)g(IS)g(considered)h(dif)o
(ferent\))e(is:)90 980 y Fa(O)22 b(=)h(a*\(b)h(+)f(c\))g(+)g(b*c;)62
1072 y Fu(Any)11 b(permutation)e(of)i(the)g(input)e(variables)i(does)g(not)f
(provide)g(a)h(new)h(speci\256cation;)e(hence,)j(these)e(are)h(the)e(only)g
(two)h(useful)0 1121 y(representations)f(for)g(a)h(majority)e(gate)h(logic)g
(function.)k(Both)9 b(should)g(be)i(provided)e(to)h(the)g(technology)f
(mapping)g(program,)i(until)0 1171 y(further)e(notice.)954
2828 y(45)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF